Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokubhala Ama-Docker Wokuhlela Iziqukathi

I-Universal Adventure » Iziqondiso » Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokubhala Ama-Docker Wokuhlela Iziqukathi

Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekuke kwenzeka kuwe ngaphambili: unephrojekthi esebenza njengephupho kukhompyutha yakho, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uyilayisha kuseva yokukhiqiza, izinhlansi ziyaqhuma futhi akukho okusebenza kahle. Le drama, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-classic "isebenza emshinini wami ," iyindaba evame kakhulu emhlabeni wesofthiwe. Ukuze axazulule lesi siphithiphithi, uDocker wafika ukuzoshintsha umdlalo, esivumela ukuthi sipakishe konke okudingwa uhlelo lokusebenza kuyunithi elula, ehlukanisiwe ebizwa ngokuthi isitsha.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zikhula, isitsha esisodwa asisanele. Namuhla, sisebenza nama-microservices, lapho udinga khona i-database, i-API, kanye ne-frontend ukuze usebenze ndawonye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka futhi ukhulume ulimi olufanayo. Yilapho i -Docker Compose ingena khona , ithuluzi elisebenza njengomqhubi wengqalasizinda yakho, elikuvumela ukuthi usethe lonke uhlelo ngomyalo owodwa futhi ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kokusetha amanethiwekhi noma amachweba ngesandla.

Iyini ngempela i-Docker futhi ukwakhiwa kwayo kusebenza kanjani?

Ngaphambi kokungena ku-Compose, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-Docker iyipulatifomu yomthombo ovulekile ezenzakalelayo ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa i-virtualization yezinga lesistimu yokusebenza . Ngokungafani nemishini yendabuko ebonakalayo, ethatha ama-gigabytes esikhala ngoba isebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele, izitsha ze-Docker zilula kakhulu ngoba zabelana nge-kernel ye-host , zisebenza njengezinqubo ezihlukanisiwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Docker kusekelwe kumodeli yeklayenti-iseva. I -Docker daemon ubuchopho obuphatha izithombe neziqukathi ngemuva, kuyilapho iklayenti liyi-interface (i-CLI ejwayelekile) lapho sithayipha khona imiyalo. Ukuze konke lokhu kusebenze, sisebenzisa i-Docker images , efana namathempulethi okufundwayo kuphela aqukethe yonke imitapo yolwazi kanye nokuncika, kanye neziqukathi, okuyizimo ezibukhoma nezisebenzisekayo zalezo zithombe.

Ukuqala ibhizinisi: Kuyini i-Docker Compose?

Uma i-Docker iyithuluzi lokudala isitsha, i-Docker Compose iyisisombululo sokuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamakhonteyina amaningi . Cabanga ukuthi unewebhusayithi ene-WordPress ne-MySQL; esikhundleni sokuqalisa isitsha ngasinye ngokwehlukana futhi unethemba lokuthi zingatholakala kunethiwekhi, i-Compose ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze yonke leyo ngqalasizinda kufayela elilodwa le-YAML elibizwa ngokuthi i-docker-compose.yml.

Leli fayela lisebenza njengeresiphi enemininingwane. Kuyo, uchaza ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ozidingayo, ukuthi kufanele zixhumane kanjani, yiziphi izimbobo ofuna ukuziveza ezweni langaphandle, nokuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele iqhubeke. Ngokusebenzisa i- 'docker compose up' elula , ithuluzi lifunda ifayela bese lisetha ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke i-service stack, lidale amanethiwekhi angaphakathi adingekayo kanye namavolumu ngaphandle kokuthi uphakamise umunwe.

Ukuhlahlela ifayela le-docker-compose.yml

Isakhiwo saleli fayela sinohlu lwezigaba futhi sihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu eziyisisekelo okumele uziqonde kahle ukuze ugweme ukwenza amaphutha:

• Izinsiza: Lena inhliziyo yefayela. Lapha uchaza isitsha ngasinye kuhlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ungacacisa isithombe ongasisebenzisa, i-Dockerfile yokuyakha endaweni (yakha), amachweba owamaka kusukela ku-host kuya esitsheni, kanye neziguquguquko zemvelo ezidingekayo.
• Amavolumu: Zivimbela ulwazi ukuthi lunganyamalali lapho isitsha sisuswa. Kukhona... amavolumu aqanjweiphethwe yi-Docker ukuze iqhubeke nedatha yedatha, kanye izikhonkwane zokubophaezixhumanisa ifolda eku-PC yakho nenye esesitsheni, zilungele ukuthi izinguquko zekhodi zibonakale ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha noma yini.
• Amanethiwekhi: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Compose idala inethiwekhi lapho zonke izinsizakalo zibonana khona zisebenzisa igama lesevisi njengegama lomethuleli. Kodwa-ke, ungachaza amanethiwekhi enziwe ngokwezifiso ukuhlukanisa, isibonelo, isizindalwazi ukuze sixhumane kuphela ne-backend hhayi ne-frontend.

Amathiphu athuthukisiwe kanye nokucushwa kwesevisi

Ukuze kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe, kunemingcele ebalulekile eyenza umehluko omkhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-` depends_on` kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-oda lokuqalisa; isibonelo, kuvimbela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuthi luzame ukuxhuma kusizindalwazi ngaphambi kokuba lusebenze. Ezinguqulweni zakamuva, ungahlanganisa lokhu ne -`healthchecks` ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isevisi ayigcini nje ngokuba "bukhoma" kodwa isebenza ngempela.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, kuyiphutha elikhulu ukufaka amaphasiwedi ngqo ku-YAML. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise ifayela le-.env ukuphatha iziguquguquko zemvelo ezibucayi noma usebenzise izigaba zemfihlo kanye nezilungiselelo , ezikuvumela ukuthi ufake idatha eyimfihlo noma amafayela okucushwa ngaphandle kokuwadalula kukhodi yomthombo yendawo yokugcina.

Imiyalo ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke

Ukuze uphathe indawo yakho, awudingi ukufunda amakhulu ezinketho; ngale miyalo embalwa, unokulawula okuphelele: `docker compose up -d` iqala yonke into ngemuva; `docker compose ps` ikutshela ukuthi ubani oku-inthanethi nokuthi yimaphi amachweba abawasebenzisayo; `docker compose logs -f` ungumngane wakho omkhulu wokulungisa amaphutha nokubona okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sangempela; futhi ekugcineni, `docker compose down -v` imisa yonke into futhi isuse ngisho namavolumu uma ufuna ukuhlanza indlu ngokuphelele.

Ukuqhathanisa: I-Docker Compose vs. Kubernetes

Kuvamile kakhulu ukubadida noma ukuzibuza ukuthi uzosebenzisa yiphi. Impendulo emfushane iwukuthi kuncike esikalini. I-Docker Compose iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo kanye nasezindaweni zokuhlola ngenxa yobulula bayo. Ayidingi ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ishesha kakhulu ukuyisetha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Kubernetes yenzelwe ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kumaqoqo amaningi amaseva. Inikeza ukukala okuzenzakalelayo, ukutholakala okuphezulu, kanye nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi okuyinkimbinkimbi okungekho ku-Compose. Indlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu emsebenzini wobungcweti ukuthuthukisa nge-Compose kanye nokuthumela ku-Kubernetes, ukugcina isithombe esifanayo sesitsha kuzo zombili izindawo ukuze kugwenywe ukumangala.

Ezinye izindlela kanye nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo sanamuhla

Nakuba i-Docker iyindinganiso, kunezinye izindlela ezithakazelisayo ezifana ne -Podman , evelele ngokungadingi i-daemon nokuvumela izitsha ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kwamalungelo ezimpande, okwenza kube okuphephile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulabo abasebenza ezindaweni zebhizinisi nge-Red Hat, amathuluzi afana ne -CRI-O alungiselelwe ukusebenza ku-OpenShift. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi liyini, umgomo uyafana: ukwenza kube yinto efanayo ukuthunyelwa ukuze isofthiwe iphatheke futhi isebenze kahle.

Ikhono lokuhlela izinsizakalo eziningi ngefayela elichazayo lishintshe intuthuko yesimanje, laqeda ukungezwani phakathi kwamaqembu okuthuthukisa nokusebenza. Ngokuhlanganisa ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi, amavolumu, kanye nokuncika kwayo ngendlela efundeka kalula njenge-YAML, kufezwa ingqalasizinda ephindaphindwayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimuphi unjiniyela, kunoma yimuphi umshini, angasebenzisa iphrojekthi eqondile ngemizuzwana.