Ungaluhlonza kanjani uhlobo lwekhodi enonya ethelele i-PC yakho
Igciwane lekhompyutha uhlobo lwesofthiwe enonya eklanyelwe ukungena ohlelweni lwekhompyutha ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ukuhlonza uhlobo lwekhodi enonya kubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela efanele yokususa nokuvimbela umonakalo ongaba khona ohlelweni. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuhlonza nokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhodi enonya engathelela ikhompyutha.
Thola izimpawu zokutheleleka
Ukuqaphela ukuziphatha kwe-PC yakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ukuthi kukhona i-malware . Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukusebenza okunensayo: Ikhompyutha yakho ingase ihambe kancane futhi ithathe isikhathi eside ukwenza imisebenzi elula.
- Izinhlelo ezingaziwa: Ukubukeka kwezinhlelo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ongazifakile.
- Imilayezo yephutha eyinqaba: Izikrini ezizivelelayo noma amawindi anemilayezo yephutha engajwayelekile.
- umsebenzi wenethiwekhi: Umsebenzi wenethiwekhi okhulisiwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, esingase sibonise ukuba khona kwe-spyware noma i-Trojan.
Lezi zimpawu azihlali zibonisa ukuba khona kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, kodwa ziyizimpawu okufanele zixwayise umsebenzisi ukuthi enze ukuhlola okunemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi enonya
igciwane
Igciwane uhlelo oluzinamathisela kolunye uhlelo bese lusakazeka ngokuziphindaphinda. Amagciwane angaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo futhi abhubhise idatha. Kunezinhlobo eziningana, ezifaka:
- amagciwane ama-macro: Bathelela amafayela adalwe izinhlelo ezifana ne-Microsoft Word ne-Excel.
- Igciwane le-boot sector: Bathelela umkhakha we-boot we-hard drive, okwenza kube nzima ukuqala uhlelo.
Umhlonyane
Ama-worms yizinhlelo eziziphindaphindayo ukuze zisakazekele kwamanye amakhompyutha ngenethiwekhi. Ngokungafani nama-virus, awadingi uhlelo oluyi-host ukuze lusebenze. Angadla izinsiza zenethiwekhi futhi abangele ukuthi izinhlelo ezithelelekile zingazinzi.
I-Trojans
AmaTrojan abonakala engenangozi kodwa asebenzisa ikhodi enonya uma evuliwe. Uma esengaphakathi ohlelweni , angakha iminyango yangemuva futhi avumele ukufinyelela okukude okungagunyaziwe ohlelweni oluthintekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka:
- I-Remote Access Trojans (RATs): Bavumela umhlaseli ukuthi alawule kude uhlelo.
- Banking Trojans: Bantshontsha imininingwane yezezimali yomsebenzisi.
I-Spyware
I-Spyware uhlobo lwe- malware oluqoqa ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzisi ngaphandle kolwazi lwakhe. Ingaqopha ukuchofoza izinkinobho (ama-keylogger), ibambe idatha yokuphequlula, bese ithumela lolu lwazi kubantu besithathu.
ransomware
I-Ransomware ibhala ngemfihlo amafayela abasebenzisi futhi ifuna isihlengo ukuze ikhishwe. Ingenye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-malware ngenxa yekhono layo lokubangela ukulahleka kwedatha okukhulu kanye nokufuna izinkokhelo zezimali.
I-Adware
I-Adware ikhiqiza izikhangiso ezingafuneki futhi ingaqondisa kabusha isiphequluli sakho emakhasini okukhangisa. Nakuba ingeyona ingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ingaba yinto ecasulayo futhi idle izinsiza zesistimu.
Izindlela zokuthola nokususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
Isoftware ye-Antimalware
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuthola nokususa i-malware ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokulwa ne-malware efana ne -Malwarebytes noma i-Kaspersky . Lezi zinhlelo ziskena uhlelo lwakho ukuze zithole izinsongo futhi zinikeze amathuluzi okususa ikhodi enonya.
Ukuskena nokuhlanza amafayela
Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne -CCleaner kungasiza ekuhlanzeni amafayela esikhashana kanye nodoti oqongelelekile ohlelweni, okungase kwembule ukuthi kukhona i-malware efihliwe ngezinye izikhathi.
ukuhlaziywa okuku-inthanethi
Izinsizakalo eziningana eziku-inthanethi zikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhlaziywa kwe-malware ngaphandle kokufaka isofthiwe eyengeziwe. I-VirusTotal ingenye ethandwa kakhulu, ekuvumela ukuthi ulayishe amafayela asolisayo ukuze ahlaziywe ngezinjini eziningi ze-antivirus.
Isofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ziyabuyekezwa
Ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nesofthiwe kusesikhathini kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-malware. Izibuyekezo zilungisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha obungasetshenziswa abahlaseli.
Ukusebenzisa Imodi Ephephile
I-Windows Safe Mode ikuvumela ukuthi uqale uhlelo lwakho ngesethi encane yabashayeli namasevisi. Lokhu kungaba wusizo ekususeni i-malware eqhubekayo engenakususwa ngenkathi uhlelo lusemodi evamile.
Ukubuyiselwa kwesistimu
Kwezinye izimo, ukubuyisela uhlelo endaweni yangaphambilini kungasusa i-malware ngokubuyisela uhlelo osukwini lapho lwalungathelelekile khona. Lolu khetho luyatholakala esigabeni Sokuvikelwa Kwesistimu se- Windows.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamalogi nezinqubo zesistimu
Ukuhlaziya amalogi esistimu kanye nezinqubo ezisebenzayo kungaveza ukuba khona kwe-malware. Amathuluzi afana ne -Process Explorer akuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uhlaziye izinqubo ezisebenzayo ohlelweni, ubone lezo ezingabazayo.
I-Sandboxing
I-Sandboxing ihilela ukuqhuba izinhlelo ezisolisayo endaweni ehlukanisiwe ukuze kubonwe ukuziphatha kwazo ngaphandle kwengozi yokulimaza uhlelo oluyinhloko. I-Sandboxie iyithuluzi elidumile elikuvumela ukuthi wenze lo msebenzi.
Susa izandiso nama-plugin asolisayo
Ukubuyekeza nokukhipha izandiso zesiphequluli ezingajwayelekile noma ezisolisayo nama-plugin kungavimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-adware ne-spyware.
Ukusebenzisa amalogi omcimbi
Amalogi emicimbi yesistimu yokusebenza angaqukatha izinkomba mayelana nomsebenzi ongavamile ohlobene ne-malware. Ukubuyekezwa okuningiliziwe kwala malogi kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokuhlonza nokususa usongo.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa inethiwekhi
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kusiza ukuvikela uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuthi lungasabalali kwamanye amasistimu. Ngokunqamula i-PC enegciwane kunethiwekhi, ukhawulela ikhono le-malware lokuphindaphinda.
Ukuhlonza nokukhipha uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kuwumsebenzi onzima odinga indlela ecophelelayo. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi alungile futhi ugcine isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini samanje, ungaphatha futhi unciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nokutheleleka nge-malware.