Izimfihlo Zomhlabathi WaseMars: Ukwakheka, Izimfihlakalo, kanye Nokufuna Ukuphila

I-Universal Adventure » Okuvamile » Izimfihlo Zenhlabathi YaseMars: Ukwakheka, Izimfihlakalo, kanye Nokufuna Ukuphila

Uma sikhuluma ngendawo yePlanethi Ebomvu, asibhekiseli enhlabathini evundile efana neyezingadi zethu, kodwa endaweni ethakazelisayo nenonya eyaziwa ngokuthi i-regolith. Kososayensi, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenhlabathi nedwala kubalulekile; ngenkathi amatshe eyizingcezu ezinkulu, ezizinzile, inhlabathi ihlanganisa konke umoya ongakuhambisa noma okugugulwe ngamakhemikhali, okudala ungqimba olungaphezulu, empeleni, oluyincwadi evulekile ngomlando weplanethi.

Ubuso beMars buyi-mosaic yothuli olucolekile, isihlabathi, namatshe okuye kwabunjwa yizinqubo ezinonya iminyaka eminingi. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyihlane eliyisicefe, iqiniso liwukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezingxenye zalo , kusukela ezigodini kuya eziqongweni, kwembula ukuthi iMars yayingeyona njalo indawo ebandayo neyomile, kodwa kwakukhona isikhathi lapho amanzi nokushisa kwakunquma khona isigqi se-geology yayo.

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Ukwakheka kwe-regolith nothuli

Ukuze siqale ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uthuli lwaseMars luhlukile kunenhlabathi. Luhle kakhulu— lucwebezela ngokuphindwe ka-30 kunempuphu encane— kangangokuthi lungahlala lulenga emoyeni, lunikeze isibhakabhaka umbala walo ophuzi ohlukile. Lo mbala awulona iphutha; uvela ekushisweni kwamaminerali ensimbi , inqubo efana nalokho okwenzeka esipikilini esigqwalile eMhlabeni, yize kulezi zinsuku luqhutshwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba, abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukudala uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-taxonomy olubizwa ngokuthi ama-astrosols , njengoba ukuzama ukufaka inhlabathi yaseMars kumamodeli asemhlabeni kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inhlabathi yaseMars ihlanganisa konke kusukela ezingcezwini zesihlabathi namadwala kuya ezintweni ezingahlanganisiwe, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Mars Odyssey satellite, ezingaqukatha amanzi afinyelela ku-5% ngesisindo , ikakhulukazi aqandisiwe ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo.

I-chemistry engavamile kanye nemfihlakalo yokuphila

Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona. I-Phoenix rover yathola ukuthi inhlabathi ine-alkaline kancane futhi iqukethe izakhamzimba ezifana ne -magnesium, i-sodium, ne-potassium — izakhi ezidingwa yinoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo ukuze sisinde. Kodwa akuzona zonke izindaba ezinhle; kutholakale nama -sodium perchlorate , usawoti owenza indawo ibe yinto engavamile futhi enolaka, futhi okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Curiosity rover yenze ukutholwa okubalulekile ngokuthola amakhemikhali e-organic afana ne-chlorobenzene kanye ne-dichloroalkanes emadwaleni e-sedimentary abizwa ngokuthi amatshe odaka. Lokhu okutholakele kuyigolide elimsulwa kwesayensi, njengoba kubonisa ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile nezinto eziphilayo zazikhona eGale Crater eminyakeni eyizigidigidi edlule, okudala izimo ezifana kakhulu nalezo ezavumela ukuphila ukuba kuqale emhlabeni wethu.

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Imisebenzi yokuhlola kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha

Njengamanje, i-NASA kanye ne-ESA banohlelo olukhulu olubizwa ngokuthi i-Mars Sample Return . Umqondo uwukuthi i-Perseverance rover iqoqe amasampula e-Jezero Crater, futhi, emzamweni ohlangene ohilela ama-drone nama-rocket, ukuze la masampula afike eMhlabeni cishe ngo-2033. Sesivele sazi ukuthi amatshe ase-Jezero avela ku-igneous , akhiwe kusuka ku-volcanic magma, kodwa kamuva asebenzisana namanzi ane-carbonated kanye ne-brine, okuphakamisa ukuthi amanzi ayegeleza ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukuze bagweme ukungena bengaboni, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseMalaga bathuthukise uhlelo olusekelwe ekufomeni kwezithombe zokushisa ezinesinqumo esiphezulu . Ngokulinganisa ukungabi namandla okushisa komhlabathi, amarobhothi anganquma ukuthi inhlabathi ayifani yini futhi agweme ukubhajwa. Le ndlela ithembeke kakhulu kunekhamera yendabuko, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kobuncane benhlabathi kanye nokuhlangana kwayo ngokuhlaziywa kwemisebe yokushisa ekhishwayo.

Ukuhumusha imikhondo ye-geological

Isazi se-geology asidingi ukubona amanzi agelezayo ukuze sazi ukuthi ake aba khona; sidinga nje ukubheka izibazi emadwaleni . Ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwezinhlayiya kulandisa indaba: umoya uhambisa izinhlayiya ezincane kuphela, kodwa amanzi angasusa izingcezu ezisindayo kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, i-Curiosity ithole ama-basalt afana nalawo aseHawaii nasezindundumeni zesihlabathi, okuqinisekisa umsebenzi onamandla wezintaba-mlilo nomoya , yize ukusesha izinsalela ezidakeni zasechibini kuseyiyona njongo yokugcina.

Ubunzima bendawo engaphansi komhlaba, obuhlaziywe ngama-radar angena ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-15, buveza izendlalelo ezithambekile ezingaba umphumela wokupholisa kancane kwe-magma noma ukubekwa kwezihlabathi emachibini asendulo. Lonke lolu lwazi, kusukela ekusakazweni kwe-X-ray kuya ku-thermography, ludweba isithombe se-Mars eyayinamandla, imanzi, futhi mhlawumbe, ngesinye isikhathi, umakhelwane okwazi ukusekela ukuphila.

Ucwaningo oluphelele lwe-regolith, ukutholakala kwe-carbon ephilayo, kanye nokuhlela ukuletha amasampula angokwenyama emalabhorethri ethu kumelela inqubekela phambili eqondile ekuqondeni ukuvela kwesimiso selanga. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamarobhothi athuthukile, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi, kanye nokuchazwa kwendabuko kwe-geological kuguqula umbono wethu nge-Mars, kuwushintsha usuka ehlane elibomvu elifile uye endaweni yokugcina izinto eyinkimbinkimbi ye-geological lapho ukuba khona kwamanzi namaminerali abalulekile kusikisela isikhathi esidlule esifana kakhulu nesoMhlaba.