- Umsizi Wekhaya uyipulatifomu evulekile, yendawo futhi eguquguqukayo kakhulu yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ebeka phambili ubumfihlo kanye nokuhambisana nezinkulungwane zamadivayisi.
- Okuzenzakalelayo, izigcawu, izikripthi, kanye nabasizi kukuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise ukuziphatha kwekhaya lakho nemikhuba yakho ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlela.
- Ukuhleleka okuhle ngezindawo, amalebula, izindawo, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izinto kwenza kube lula ukukhula okuphephile nokuhlelekile kwalesi sikhungo.
- Umphakathi kanye nezengezo zandisa amathuba oMsizi Wasekhaya ngaphandle komkhawulo, kusukela ekulawuleni izwi kuya ekufinyeleleni okude kanye nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe.
Uma usufinyelele lapha, kungenxa yokuthi umqondo wokuthi setha ikhaya elihlakaniphile no-Home Assistant futhi awuqiniseki ukuthi uzoqala kuphi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ususondele kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokucacile ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-automation yasekhaya kusebenza kanjani nokuthi ungazuza kanjani ngempela kukho. empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ngaphandle kokulahleka kumamenyu, amaphrothokholi angajwayelekile kanye nezilungiselelo eziyinkulungwane.
Kuyo yonke le ndatshana sizoxoxa, ngokuthula kodwa ngokuningiliziwe, ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ube yingcweti ku-Home Assistant: Kuyini ukuzenzekela kwasekhaya, lusebenza kanjani lolu hlelo oluvulekile, iyiphi ihadiwe efanele wena, ihlelwe kanjani i-interface, indlela yokuhlanganisa amadivayisi, nokuthi ungadala kanjani ukuzenzekela kwakho kokuqala, izigcawu, izikripthi, kanye nama-backups?Umqondo uwukuthi ekugcineni uzoba nombono owusizo kakhulu futhi ungaqhubeka nokuzethemba okuphelele.
Kuyini ngempela ukuzenzekela kwekhaya futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka manje?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuzenzakalelayo kwekhaya, sivame ukucabanga ngezibani ezizivula zodwa noma ezivala amehlo ezizihla ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kuyinto ebanzi kakhulu. Ukuzenzakalela ekhaya kuyisethi yobuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi uphathe, uqaphe futhi wenze ikhaya libe ngokuzenzakalelayoukulawula izici ezibalulekile njengokuphepha, induduzo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Lokhu, okuzwakala sengathi kuyinkimbinkimbi uma kubekwa kanjalo, empeleni kuhumusha kube izinto eziqondile kakhulu: ukunciphisa ibhili kagesi lungisa kangcono ukusetshenziswa, qapha ikhaya lakho usebenzisa ifoni yakho ephathekayo, lungiselela izigcawu zokulawula amadivayisi amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma uhlanganyele nezilwane ezifuywayo zakho ngenkathi ungekhoEkugcineni, kumane nje kumayelana nokusebenzisa izinto zikagesi kanye nekhompyutha ukuze wenze ikhaya lakho lisebenzele wena.
Ukuze sinikeze incazelo eningiliziwe, singasho ukuthi Ukuzenzakalela ekhaya kuhilela ukusebenzisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze uphile ngokunethezeka ekhaya lakho.Cabanga nje uma usofa wakho uphakathi negumbi lokuphumula futhi ungakwazi ukufinyelela inkinobho yokukhanyisa, ukwazi ukucima ukukhanya kusuka kufoni yakho ephathekayo noma ngezwi lakho; ukwazi ukuvula i-air conditioner uma uphuma emsebenzini ukuze ufike ekhaya endlini epholile; noma ukuthi yonke into icime ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ulala.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzenzekela kwekhaya kuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngezizathu eziningana. Ukonakala kwe ukuhlakanipha okufakelwayo yandise izindlela zokuxhumana namadivayisi (izwi, abasizi abahlakaniphile, izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu…), kanye nohulumeni sebevele beqaphela ukubaluleka kwayo okusebenzayo: ONCE igcizelela ukuthi ukuzenzakalela ekhaya kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukufinyeleleka kwamakhaya kubantu abanezinkinga zokuzwa, futhi izinhlangano ezifana ne-IDAE zishicilela iziqondiso ezithile zendlela yokonga amandla ngokufaka izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ekhaya ekhaya.
Uyini umsizi wasekhaya futhi ungena kanjani ekhaya lakho?
Umsizi Wasekhaya, njenganamuhla, enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela zasekhaya ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeniKuyipulatifomu efakwe kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo futhi isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma, ukulawula kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo amadivayisi ahlakaniphile cishe anoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Umehluko wayo omkhulu kwezinye izinhlelo eziningi zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya yifilosofi yayo: Yenzelwe ukusebenza endaweni yangakini, ngaphandle kokuthembela kumafu angaphandle noma okubhaliselwe okuyimpoqo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi idatha yakho ihlala endaweni yakho, akudingeki uthumele ulwazi kumaseva ezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi unokulawula okungu-100% kokufakwa kwakho.
Umsizi Wasekhaya uphinde avelele ngokuba nokuguquguquka okukhulu. Kungaba lula njengephaneli yokulawula ukuvula nokuvala izibani, noma okuthuthukile "njengobuchopho" obuhlanganisa amakhulu amadivayisi, izigcawu, kanye nezindlela ezizenzakalelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.Futhi uma ungumsebenzisi othuthukile, ungathuthukisa nokuhlanganiswa kwakho ukuze wandise amakhono.
Izici eziyinhloko zoMsizi Wasekhaya
Ukuze sikunike umbono osheshayo walokho okunikezwa yi-Home Assistant, kufanelekile ukubukeza amandla ayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhambisana, ubumfihlo, kanye nokwenza ngezifiso yikona okukwenze kwaba yisibonelo ezweni lomthombo ovulekile..
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ingahlanganiswa nemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ezahlukene.Ukukhanyisa, amaplagi, izinzwa, amakhamera, izipikha, amathelevishini, amadivayisi kagesi, izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi, njll. Ngokuvamile, uma idivayisi ithandwa kancane, kuzoba nokuhlanganiswa okusemthethweni noma komphakathi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Injini ezenzakalelayo ikuvumela ukuthi udale imithetho enamandla kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwazi ukuthi ungahlela kanjani.kusetshenziswa amamenyu kanye nabathakathi ababonakalayo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukulungisa izinto, uhlala unenketho yokuchaza i-logic nge-YAML noma izikripthi ezithuthukisiwe.
I-interface yomsebenzisi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Lovelace, ingenziwa ngezifiso ngokugcwele. Ungakha amadeshibhodi amaningi ukuze ubone ulwazi olukuthakazelisayo kuphela kumongo ngamunye: iphaneli esheshayo kuselula, ephelele kakhulu kuthebhulethi yegumbi lokuphumula, ethize yamandla, njll.
Okokugcina, i-Home Assistant ifaka ezinye izici ezifana nokuthi Umsizi wayo wezwi, ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlanganisiwe, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olusemthethweni, ukwesekwa kwethegi ye-NFC, kanye nokuhambisana kwe-Home Assistant Cast ukubonisa amaphaneli kunoma yisiphi isikrini esihambisanayo. Konke lokhu ngenkathi kulondolozwa ubumfihlo ngokugcina idatha kuseva yakho yendawo.
Izinzuzo Zomsizi Wasekhaya uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izixazululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya
Emakethe egcwele izindawo zokusebenzela, izinhlelo zokusebenza zabakhiqizi, kanye nezinhlelo ezivaliwe, Umsizi Wasekhaya uthole idumela njengenketho ephelele kakhulu nekhululekileIzinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwezinye izinkundla zezentengiselwano zicacile.
Okokuqala ukuhambisana. Luhlelo lwasekhaya olunamandla amakhulu okuhlanganisa emakethe.Ngibonga ithimba lokuthuthukisa kanye nomphakathi. Akunandaba ukuthi unezibani ezivela kolunye uhlobo, ama-plug avela kolunye, kanye nezinzwa ezivela kolunye uhlobo: ngokuvamile, konke kungahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwephaneli efanayo.
Inzuzo yesibili enkulu ubumfihlo nokulawula. Ngokusebenza kunethiwekhi yakho, awukho ngaphansi kwesandla senkampani evala ifu layo noma eshintsha imigomo yayo.Okuzenzakalelayo kwakho kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza noma ngabe i-inthanethi iyawa, futhi idatha yakho ayincikile komunye umuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza inhlanganisela elinganiselayo kakhulu yokusebenzisa kalula kanye namandla. Umsebenzisi osaqalayo angalungiselela izinto eziningi kusukela ku-interface, ngaphandle kokuthinta noma iyiphi ikhodi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzisi abathuthukile bangakha izandiso zabo, ukuzenzakalela okuyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokucabanga okucwengekile kakhulu.
Futhi akumelwe sikhohlwe umphakathi. I-Home Assistant inomphakathi okhuthele kakhulu oshicilela izifundo, wabelane ngezilungiselelo, futhi unikeze usizo kumaforamu, i-Discord, kanye ne-YouTube nsuku zonke.Uma ubhajwa, cishe kuqinisekile ukuthi othile uke waba nenkinga efanayo ngaphambili futhi ushiye ikhambi ngokubhala noma kuvidiyo.
Izinketho zokufaka ezinconyiwe zabaqalayo
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale "ukushintsha" isikhombikubona, sidinga ukunquma lapho ukufakwa kwakho kwe-Home Assistant kuzohlala khonaKunezinketho eziningana, zonke ziyasebenza, kodwa ezinye zilungele abasaqalayo.
Elula kakhulu yi-Home Assistant Green. Yidivayisi yehadiwe efika ilungele ukusetshenziswa futhi ifakwe i-Home Assistant kusengaphambili.Uyixhuma ku-outlet kagesi kanye nenethiwekhi, uyivule, futhi cishe usukulungele ukuqala ukuyilungiselela. Kuhle uma ungafuni ukubhekana nezinhlelo zokusebenza noma i-flashing.
Enye inketho ethandwa kakhulu yi-Raspberry Pi. Lawa makhompyutha amancane, asebenza ngebhodi elilodwa alungele ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo ezingadingi izinsiza eziningi kakhulu., njenge-Home Assistant. Kulesi simo, inqubo iwuhlobo "lwenza ngokwakho": ulanda isithombe se-Home Assistant OS, usishise ekhadini le-SD, bese uqala i-Pi ngaleyo ndlela yokusebenza.
Uma usuvele une-PC encane noma i-NAS ekhaya ongayisebenzisi kakhulu, ungayisebenzisa futhi. Kula madivayisi ungafaka i-Home Assistant ngezindlela ezimbili: njengesitsha se-Docker noma njengohlelo lokusebenza oluzinikeleLezi ezinye izindlela ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu kunezangaphambilini, kodwa zivumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwehadiwe futhi zinikeza amandla engeziwe uma ukufakwa kukhula. Isibonelo, i- i-PC encane noma i-NAS Uma ihlelwe kahle, yenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nensizakalo.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqala ngokuthi: I-Home Assistant Green noma i-Raspberry Pi yizinketho eziqondile kakhulu nezisebenziseka kalula.Ama-PC amancane namadivayisi e-NAS amahle uma usuvele unolwazi oluthile ngezinhlelo noma ufuna ukuhlanganisa izinsizakalo eziningana emshinini ofanayo.
Ukuqala kokuqala kanye nokucushwa okuyisisekelo kwe-Home Assistant
Uma uhlelo selufakiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuvula i-Home Assistant okokuqala ngqa kusuka kusiphequluli. Ngokuvamile, ufinyelela kuyo ngokuthayipha ikheli le-IP ledivayisi noma i-URL yendawo enikezwe yi-installation wizard kubha..
Into yokuqala ozoyibona iwizadi yokusetha eqondisiwe. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukudala "ikhaya lakho elihlakaniphile" ngaphakathi kwe-Home Assistantukusungula igama elijwayelekile lokufakwa.
Ngemva kwalokho, kuzodingeka udale umsebenzisi wakho wokuqala. Lo msebenzisi wokuqala uzoba umphathi wesistimu oyinhlokoNgakho khetha igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi eqinile ngokucophelela. Kamuva ungangeza abantu nabasebenzisi abaningi abanezimvume ezahlukene.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile kulo msizi yindawo. Umsizi Wasekhaya uzocela indawo yekhaya lakho ukuze anikeze izinsizakalo ezincike ezikhundleni.njengokubikezela isimo sezulu, izikhathi zokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwalo, noma ukuzenzekela okusekelwe endaweni.
Uma lezi zinyathelo seziqediwe, uzofinyelela isikhombikubona esiyinhloko okokuqala. Uzobona iphaneli elula esikrinini enegama lakho lomsebenzisi, isibikezelo sezulu, kanye, ngakwesobunxele, iphaneli eseceleni edumile enezingxenye eziyisisekelo. njengeMephu, Amandla, Izilungiselelo kanye namanye amamenyu ozowasebenzisa kakhulu.
Iphaneli eseceleni ye-Lovelace kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo: indlela yokuzulazula ku-Home Assistant
Iphaneli Eliseceleni liwumgogodla wokuzulazula ku-Home Assistant. Ukusuka lapho weqa uye ezigabeni ezahlukene: amaphaneli okulawula, izilungiselelo, amadivayisi, okuzenzakalelayo, izengezo, njll. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale sengathi kunezinketho eziningi kakhulu, uzojwayela ngokushesha.
I-interface oyibona ekhasini eliyinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi i-Lovelace. Yisistimu yedeshibhodi ekuvumela ukuthi udale ukubuka ngokwezifiso ngamakhadi abonisa isimo samadivayisi akho kanye nezinhlangano.Ungaba nephaneli eyodwa evamile yendlu, enye eqondene ngqo namandla, enye yamakhamera, njll.
Enye inzuzo yeLovelace ukuthi ufunda ngokuzama izinto. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi udale iphaneli entsha, wengeze amakhadi ambalwa, bese uzama ukwakheka kwayo.Kulungile "ukuphula" into ethile: ungabuyela emuva noma ususe amakhadi njalo.
Empilweni yansuku zonke, ngokuvamile uzofinyelela i-Home Assistant kusuka kumadivayisi amaningana: ifoni ephathekayo, ikhompyutha, ithebhulethi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sivumelana nesikrini ngasinye, futhi ungenza ngezifiso izinketho ezithile zeklayenti kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzisi., njengohlelo lombala noma izinto ezibonakalayo kuphaneli eseceleni yaleyo divayisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa izici ezithuthukisiwe, uzobona izinketho ezintsha eziqondiswe kubasebenzisi abanolwazi oluthe xaxa. Icebo elivamile ukuba nama-akhawunti okungenani amabili: i-akhawunti eyodwa yomlawuli enemodi ethuthukisiwe evuliwe, kanye nenye "ejwayelekile" yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukuthinta noma yiziphi izilungiselelo ezibucayi ngephutha.
Izilungiselelo zomsebenzisi: ukuphepha, ulimi, kanye nedivayisi
Ngaphakathi kwemenyu eseceleni, ngezansi kwesobunxele, ungafinyelela izilungiselelo zomsebenzisi wamanje ngokuchofoza esithombeni sakho noma ku-inishiyali. Lesi sigaba sisetshenziselwa ukumisa izilungiselelo zomuntu siqu njengolimi lwesixhumi esibonakalayo, amafomethi osuku nesikhathi, kanye nendawo yesikhathi., phakathi kwabanye.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapha yi-"Advanced Mode". Ukuyisebenzisa kuvula izinketho zobuchwepheshe nezibucayi ezengeziwe Kufanele iphathwe ngumsebenzisi onolwazi olwanele kuphela. Kunconywa ukuthi uyivule kuphela ku-akhawunti yomphathi.
Ngezansi uzothola izilungiselelo eziqondene neklayenti osebenzisa kulo i-Home Assistant (isibonelo, isiphequluli samanje). Kulesi sigaba ungashintsha imibala, uhlele kabusha noma ufihle izakhi zephaneli eseceleni, noma ulungise imininingwane ebonakalayo yaleyo divayisi.Njalo uma ungena kuselula entsha, ithebhulethi, noma ikhompyutha, kungumqondo omuhle ukubheka lezi zinketho.
Esigabeni sokuphepha uzokwazi Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho, hlola ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi angene ngemvume, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, vumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi.Lesi sendlalelo esengeziwe sinconywa kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zakudala ezifana ne-Google Authenticator, i-Authy, i-Microsoft Authenticator, noma i-iCloud Keychain. Uzodinga nje ukuskena ikhodi ye-QR eboniswe yi-Home Assistant bese ufaka ikhodi yesikhashana ekhiqizwe uhlelo lokusebenza.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ukungena ngemvume ngakunye kuzodinga leso sici sesibili, okwandisa kakhulu ukuphepha kokufakwa kwakho.
Isigaba sezilungiselelo: inhliziyo yokucushwa kwe-Home Assistant
Inkinobho ethi “Izilungiselelo” kuphaneli eseceleni ikunika ukufinyelela kuzilungiselelo zokucushwa eziphakathi. Yilapho kokubili isici sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya (ukuhlanganiswa, izindawo, ukuzenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela) kanye nesici sesistimu (izibuyekezo, inethiwekhi, amakhophi agciniwe, ihadiwe) kuphathwa khona..
Esinye sezigaba zokuqala ozozibona yi-Home Assistant Cloud. Lesi sigaba sihambisana nezinketho zokukhokha ezinikezwa yiNabu Casa, inkampani ephethe lo msebenzi. Nakuba i-Home Assistant ngokwayo imahhala, inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthuthukisa impilo ngokushintshanisa imali yanyanga zonke.
Ngokukhethekile, i-Home Assistant Cloud ivumela Lungiselela ukufinyelela okukude okuphephile usuka ngaphandle kwekhaya cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo bese uhlangana nakho Umsizi weGoogle kanye ne-Alexa ukusebenzisa izipikha ezihlakaniphile njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sokulawula. Konke lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla mahhala, kodwa kudinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwamanethiwekhi, izitifiketi, kanye nokucushwa kwangaphandle.
Uma ungafuni ukwenza izinto zibe nzima, okubhaliselwe kwe-Nabu Casa kunikeza konke lokhu ngokuchofoza okumbalwa, ngaphezu kokusekela ngqo ukuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi. Kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokuba nokufinyelela okukude kanye nezwi ngaphandle kokungena ezinkingeni zobuchwepheshe.Nakuba ungakuhlehlisa njalo kuze kube yilapho usuhlanganise kahle isisekelo.
Amadivayisi, izinsizakalo, izinhlangano kanye nabasizi
Ngaphakathi kwezilungiselelo, isigaba esithi "Amadivayisi namasevisi" singenye yalezo ozosebenzisa kakhulu. Kusukela lapha uzobona konke ukuhlanganiswa okutholwe yi-Home Assistant ngokuzenzakalelayo, lokho osuvele ukulungisile, futhi ungangeza okusha. nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kunezinkulungwane zokuhlanganiswa okutholakalayo: okunye okusemthethweni, okunye okuthuthukiswe ngumphakathi. Eziningi zihlelwa ngqo kusuka ku-interface, ngokukhetha isevisi noma umenzi, ukufaka iziqinisekiso, noma ngokucindezela inkinobho yokubhangqa ebonakalayo.Lezo ezibonisa isithonjana sesikwele esinomcibisholo ngokuvamile zidinga ukucushwa kusetshenziswa ikhodi ye-YAML, into ethuthukisiwe kakhulu engashiywa kamuva.
Uma ungeza ukuhlanganiswa, ngokuvamile kudala idivayisi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye nezinhlangano. Amadivayisi amelela amathuluzi angokoqobo (isibani, ikhamera, ipulaki), kuyilapho izinhlangano "ziyizingcezu" zolwazi noma zokulawula ezakha wona.njengenzwa yokushisa, iswishi yokuvula/ukuvala, inani lokukhanya, njll.
Ezigabeni ze-Amadivayisi nama-Entities ungabuka, uhlunge futhi uphathe konke okufakile. Kuwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni ngokushesha ukuthi iyiphi into edaliwe ngemuva kokufaka ukuhlanganiswa okusha. noma ukulungisa igama, isithonjana, nendawo yento ngayinye.
Ekugcineni, kukhona abasizi. Abasizi yizinto ezibonakalayo ezingahambisani nedivayisi ebonakalayo, kodwa ezisebenzela ukwandisa imisebenzi.Amaswishi angokoqobo, amakhawunta, izikhethi, ama-timer, njll. Isibonelo, ungakha umsizi wohlobo "lokuguqula" osebenza njengeswishi ye-logic, noma kungekho divayisi yangempela ngemuva kwayo, bese uyisebenzisa ezenzakalelayo noma kumaphaneli.
Izindawo, amalebula, nezindawo: ukuhlela ikhaya lakho elihlakaniphile
Njengoba indawo yakho ikhula, ukugcina i-oda elithile kuba yinto ebalulekile. Umsizi Wasekhaya unikeza izindlela eziningana zokuhlukanisa izimpahla zakho ngezigaba: izindawo, amalebula, kanye nezindawo.ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo.
Izindawo zenzelwe ukumela amakamelo noma izikhala ekhaya lakho. Ungakha izindawo ezifana "neGumbi Lokuhlala", "Igumbi Lokulala Eliyinhloko", "Ikhishi" noma "Igalaji" bese unikeza amadivayisi noma izinto ezifanele ngayinye.Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzulazula futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uqaphe amakamelo wonke ngokushesha.
Amalebula anikeza olunye ungqimba lokuhleleka okuguquguqukayo. Zisetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa izakhi ngezici ezivamile, njengokusebenza noma uhlobo lokuxhumana.Isibonelo, ungakha amalebula anjengokuthi “Ukukhanyisa”, “Ama-Sensors”, “Amandla”, noma “i-WiFi”, “i-Zigbee”, “i-Cloud”, kuye ngokuthi yini ewusizo kakhulu kuwe.
Okwamanje, izindawo ziyizindawo ezithile ezingaphandle kwekhaya lakho. Bangamela ihhovisi, isikole sabantwana, indlu yesihlobo, noma enye indawo efanele.Lezi zindawo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe ekubeni khona: kukhona okwenziwayo uma ufika noma ushiya indawo ethile.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi: izinhlobo ezisekelwayo kanye namaphrothokholi
Enye yamandla amakhulu e-Home Assistant yizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamadivayisi angawalawula. Iningi lezinzwa nama-actuator emakethe anokuhambisana okuqondile noma okungaqondile ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kanye nezinqubo ezijwayelekile.
Uma sigxila ezinhlotsheni zamadivayisi, singawahlanganisa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko. Ukukhanyisa kuhlanganisa amabhalbhu ahlakaniphile, imichilo ye-LED, amaswishi, ama-dimmer, kanye nama-blinds anenjini., ngaphezu kwezinzwa zokukhanya ezizungezile.
Isigaba sokunyakaza sihlanganisa Izinzwa ezibona ukuba khona noma ukunyakaza futhi zikuvumela ukuthi uvule izibani, uxwayise ngabangeneleli, noma usebenzise izigcawu uma udlula ezindaweni ezithile. Ziphakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezilula zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela.
Ukuqapha kuhlanganisa amakhamera e-IP, izinsimbi zomnyango ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezingidi ezixhunyiwe. Umsizi Wasekhaya angabonisa izithombe zekhamera, aqophe imicimbi, futhi, kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani, aphathe ngisho nokuvuleka kweminyango. njengengxenye yemisebenzi yakho yokuzenzakalela.
Kukhona nezinkinobho ezibonakalayo noma ezingokoqobo ezisebenza njengezinto ezibangela ngesandla. Lezi zinkinobho, kungaba ukulawula okungokoqobo odongeni noma inkinobho esibonakalayo, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza kusebenze izigcawu ezithile, izikripthi, noma ukuzenzakalela. ngokuthinta okukodwa.
Eqenjini lezinzwa elijwayelekile sithola zonke izinhlobo: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-CO₂, intuthu, ikhwalithi yomoya, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukuvuza kwamanzi nokunye okuningiZonke zinikeza ulwazi oluwusizo kakhulu oluphathelene nomongo lokwenza izinqumo ezizenzakalelayo.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, uMsizi Wasekhaya uthembele ezinqubweni eziningana zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. I-MQTT Ingenye yezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni we-IoT, ilula, iyashesha futhi iphelele ekushicileleni/ekwamukeleni idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi nesevaUma wakha i-ecosystem yakho nge-ESP32, isibonelo, i-MQTT ivame ukuba yindlela engcono kakhulu.
I-HTTP, iphrothokholi eyisisekelo yewebhu, isetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlanganisa amasevisi namadivayisi adalula ama-API. Amadivayisi amaningi anikeza izindawo zokufinyelela ze-HTTP lapho i-Home Assistant ingabuza noma ithumele khona imiyalo., okuvula umnyango wokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubo ezithile ezingenantambo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, iZigbee ingenye yamakhosi. Kuyindlela ejwayelekile eyenzelwe ukusebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu futhi yakhe amanethiwekhi e-meshIlungele izinzwa namadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri asakazeke kulo lonke ikhaya lakho. Ngomxhumanisi we-Zigbee ohambisanayo, ungahlanganisa amadivayisi amaningi avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene nge-Home Assistant.
Ukuzenzakalela kwekhaya okuyisisekelo
Umlingo we-Home Assistant uvela uma uqala ukwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuzenzakalela akuyona into engaphezu komthetho othi "uma lokhu kwenzeka, yenza lokho, uma nje kuhlangatshezwane nomunye umbandela."Ngendlela elula, kungaba yinto elula njengokukhanyisa isibani uma ufika ekhaya.
Isibonelo esivamile kakhulu ukukhanyisa izibani zangaphandle noma zegumbi lokuhlala ekushoneni kwelanga. Ngokuzenzakalela, ungaba nezibani ezithile ezivuliwe lapho ilanga lishona endaweni okuyo, ngaphandle kokuthinta inkinobho eyodwa.Omunye umqondo ojwayelekile ukuthi, uma uvula i-TV egumbini lokuphumula, wehlisa ama-blinds bese ucima izibani eziyinhloko ze-"cinema mode".
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi awudingi ukuhlela noma yini ukuze uyifeze. Umhleli we-automation ukuqondisa ngokuchaza izisusa, izimo, kanye nezenzo.Futhi ungahlola, ulungise, noma uvale umthetho ngamunye noma nini lapho ufuna.
Izinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela zilungele kokubili imisebenzi yokunethezeka nokonga amandla kanye nokwandisa ukuphepha. Ungavala umoya opholile uma ifasitela livuliwe, uthole izexwayiso uma kutholakala intuthu noma ukuvuza kwamanzi, noma ulingise ukuba khona ngokukhanyisa izibani ngokungahleliwe uma usohambweni..
Indlela yokudala okuzenzakalelayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukuze udale ukuzenzekela, kufanele uye kuzilungiselelo bese ufaka okuthi “Okuzenzakalelayo nezigcawu”. Ukusuka lapho uzothola inkinobho yokudala ukuzenzekela okusha, okuzovula umsizi obonakalayo. lapho kufanele kuchazwe khona ingxenye ngayinye yomthetho.
Ukuzenzakalela kuqukethe amabhlogo amathathu: izisusa, izimo, kanye nezenzo. Izimbangela yizenzakalo eziqala ukuzenzekelaIsibonelo, isikhathi esithile, inzwa ethola ukunyakaza, noma isimo sokushintsha kwento.
Izimo ziyizihlungi zokuzikhethela. Zisebenza ukukhombisa ukuthi, noma ngabe umcimbi uqalisiwe, ukuzenzekela kuzokwenziwa kuphela uma kuhlangatshezwane nesimo esithile.: ukuthi usuku lokusebenza, ukuthi othile usekhaya, ukuthi isibani sivaliwe, ukuthi izinga lokushisa lidlula umkhawulo othile, njll.
Okokugcina, kunezenzo, okuyizinto umsizi wekhaya azozenza uma ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo kuvuliwe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuvula noma ukuvala izibani, ukudlala umlayezo ngesipikha, ukuthumela isaziso kufoni ephathekayo, ukuvula isigcawu, noma ukusebenzisa iskripthi. noma ngisho nokuqala ezinye izindlela zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ngenxa yomhleli obonakalayo, ungazama ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo okuyisisekelo kusukela osukwini lokuqala, futhi kancane kancane ukwenze kube nzima njengoba ukhululeka kakhudlwana. Asikho isidingo sokuqala ngento eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu; okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlanganise impumelelo encane. ukuqonda ukuthi izimbangela, izimo, kanye nezenzo kuhlanganiswa kanjani.
Izigcawu nezikripthi: ukulungisa kahle ukulawula kwakho ikhaya
Esigabeni esifanayo esithi "Okuzenzakalelayo nezigcawu" uzothola amanye amathuluzi amabili awusizo kakhulu: izigcawu nezikripthi. Izigcawu ziyizithombe zesimo esifiselekayo sezinto ezahlukahlukene, kuyilapho izikripthi ziyizilandelaniso zezenzo ezenziwa ngokulandelana.
Ngesigcawu ungachaza, isibonelo, "Yenza igumbi libe mnyama". Leso sigameko singaqopha izibani zicinyiwe, ama-blinds abe ngu-90%, kanye nokukhanya okufiphele okukhanyayo.Uma usebenzisa lesi sigameko (ngokuzenzela noma ngokuzenzakalelayo), umsizi wekhaya uzofaka yonke into ehilelekile esimweni esigciniwe.
Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusingatha izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesenzo esisodwa. Esikhundleni sokuvula nokuvala izinto ngazinye, usebenzisa isigcawu esithile somzuzu ngamunye wosuku.: “Ukuvuka”, “Ubusuku befilimu”, “Ukuphuma endlini”, “Ihlobo”, njll.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikripthi ziqondiswe kakhulu ekusebenzeni okulandelanayo. Isikripthi singavula isibani, silinde imizuzwana embalwa, sivule amehlo, bese sithumela umlayezo efonini yakho ephathekayo, konke ngokulandelana okuthile.Zingaqaliswa kusukela ezenzakalelayo, kusukela kuphaneli, noma ngisho nangezwi, kuye ngokuthi uzihlanganisa kanjani.
Isibonelo esivamile sesikripthi kungaba "inqubo yokuvuka" okuthi, ngesikhathi esithile noma uma ucindezela inkinobho, Kancane kancane vula isibani sekamelo lokulala, phakamisa amakhethini kancane, bese udlala isexwayiso sezwi esihambisana nesimo sezulu.Khona-ke leso sikripthi singabizwa kusuka ezenzakalelayo eziningana ezahlukene.
Izengezo: imisebenzi yokwandisa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe
Uma ukufakwa kwakho kungokohlobo lwe-Home Assistant Operating System, uzobona isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi ama-Add-ons. Izengezo ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ezisebenza kanye ne-Home Assistant, zipakishwe ngendlela eyenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzifaka nokuzilungiselela.
Cabanga ngakho njengesitolo esincane sangaphakathi sohlelo lokusebenza. Amaningi alawa ma-plugin asebenza ezitsheni ze-Docker ngaphansi kwe-hood.Kodwa akudingeki ukhathazeke ngohlangothi lobuchwepheshe. Ezinye zibe sezihlanganiswa ne-Home Assistant ukuze zinikeze idatha noma izinsizakalo ezengeziwe.
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi izengezo nokuhlanganiswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kuxhumanisa i-Home Assistant namadivayisi noma izinsizakalo, kuyilapho izengezo ziyizinhlelo ezisebenza kuseva uqobo. futhi okungenzeka ukuthi inobudlelwano obuqondile ne-automation yasekhaya noma cha.
Ngemva kokufaka isengezo, into entsha ivame ukuvela kuphaneli eseceleni ukuze ifinyelele isikhombimsebenzisi sayo. Ukusuka lapho ungayilungisa, uyiqaphe, noma usebenzise noma yini ekunikezayonjengeseva ye-MQTT, umphathi wesipele othuthukisiwe, noma ithuluzi lokuphatha amafayela.
Abasizi bezwi, amathegi e-NFC, abantu kanye nokufinyelela
Esinye isigaba esithakazelisayo ngaphakathi kwezilungiselelo yileso esinikezelwe kubasizi bezwi. Lapha ungalungiselela i-Home Assistant ngokwayo noma ukuhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Alexa noma i-Google Assistant.Uma ubhalisele i-Nabu Casa, ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kusethwa yenziwe lula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma udinga iziqondiso namathiphu, kunezinsiza ezithile ezifana nalezi Amaqhinga e-Amazon Echo ezikusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi emiyalweni yezwi.
Esigabeni samalebula uzothola inketho yokubhalisa amalebula e-NFC noma amakhodi e-QR. Umqondo uwukuthi ngokuskena ithegi ngefoni ephathekayo, isenzo singenziwa: kusebenze indawo, vula umnyango, vula iskripthi, njll. Kuyindlela eshibhile futhi eguquguqukayo kakhulu yokufaka "amaswishi angabonakali" endlini yonke.
Ukuphathwa kwabantu kubalulekile kunoma yisiphi isikhungo esinamalungu amaningi. Lapha uchaza abantu abakhona ohlelweni, izithombe zabo, kanye namadivayisi okulandelela ahlobene. (isibonelo, ifoni ephathekayo enohlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni noma i-GPS ekhola yenja).
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu nabasebenzisi. I-persona imelela umuntu (noma into ethile) ofuna ukumthola noma ukumcabangela ezenzakalelayo, kodwa akudingeki ukuthi ungene ngemvume ku-Home Assistant.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzisi uyi-akhawunti yokufinyelela enezimvume ezithile.
Lokhu kuvumela izimo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu: ungaba nethebhulethi eboshelwe odongeni nomsebenzisi ongenaye umuntu ohlobene naye, ngoba asikho isidingo sokumthola, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umuntu "wenja" onedivayisi yokulandelela, kodwa ngaphandle kwesidingo somsebenzisi ngoba inja yakho ngeke ingene ku-interface.
Ukuphathwa kwesistimu: izibuyekezo, inethiwekhi, izipele, kanye nehadiwe
Isigaba seSistimu ngaphakathi kwezilungiselelo sihlanganisa konke okuhlobene neseva lapho i-Home Assistant isebenza khona. Kusukela esigabeni esithi Okujwayelekile ungashintsha igama leseva, ukuphakama, izwe, kanye nendawo ejwayelekileamapharamitha athinta imisebenzi eminingana yomhlaba wonke.
Ku-Updates uzobona ukuthi zikhona yini izinguqulo ezintsha ezitholakalayo zesistimu yokusebenza, izengezo, noma ukuhlanganiswa okuthile. Umsizi Wasekhaya uvame ukubonisa izaziso uma ethola izibuyekezo.Ngakho-ke akudingeki ubheke lapha nsuku zonke, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola njalo.
Isigaba Sokulungisa sibonisa izexwayiso ezibalulekile mayelana nezinkinga zokucushwa noma zokuhlanganiswa. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle noma ubona ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubheka lesi sigaba kuqala.ngoba ingakukhomba emthonjeni wephutha.
Esigabeni samalogi unokufinyelela kumalogi esixwayiso namaphutha ezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Uma ukuhlanganiswa kungaphenduli noma ukuzenzekela kungasebenzi lokho okulindele, amalogi avame ukunikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile. ngalokho okwenzekayo ngemuva kwezigcawu.
Indawo ye-Backup iyisisekelo. Lapha uzothola uhlu lwazo zonke izipele ozidalile, kanye nezinketho zokuzilanda, ukuzibuyisela, noma ukuzisusa.Ungakha futhi ama-backup amasha ngesandla uma usuzokwenza ushintsho olukhulu.
Njengomkhuba omuhle, kuyatuseka Dala futhi ulande ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu zokucushwa noma izibuyekezo ezibalulekile.Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ungabuyela ephuzwini elidlule ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikho konke osuvele ukumisile.
Ku-Analytics uzothola izinketho zokwabelana ngemininingwane mayelana nokufakwa kwakho nethimba le-Home Assistant ngokungaziwa. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi, ukuthola amaphutha avamile, kanye nokubeka phambili intuthuko.Ungavumela noma ukhubaze ukuthumela ngendlela othanda ngayo.
Ingxenye yeNethiwekhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise indlela uhlelo oluvela ngayo kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo. Ukusuka lapha ungashintsha igama elisetshenziswa amanye amadivayisi ukulithola, i-URL yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, futhi, uma kudingeka, unikeze ikheli le-IP elingaguquki.Lokhu kunconywa kakhulu ukuvimbela ikheli ukuthi lishintshe futhi lilahlekelwe ukufinyelela. Uma udinga ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nokusakaza, kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi uhlole ukuthi yiliphi ibhendi yemvamisa okufanele ulisebenzise. inethiwekhi yangakini.
Ekugcineni, isigaba se-Hardware sikukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zesistimu: I-CPU, i-RAM, isitoreji, izinga lokushisa, njll. Uma usebenzisa i-Home Assistant emshinini obonakalayo, idatha oyibona lapha izovela kulowo mshini, hhayi kukhompyutha yakho yonke ebonakalayo.
Ukuzinika isikhathi sokuqonda lezi zingxenye zesistimu kuzokusindisa ezinkingeni eziningi esikhathini esimaphakathi, futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukufakwa kwakho kuzinzile, kuphephile, futhi kulungele ukukhula.
Ngemva kokuhlola ukuzenzekela kwekhaya, i-Home Assistant, ukufakwa kwayo, isikhombimsebenzisi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamadivayisi, ukuzenzekela, izigcawu, izikripthi, kanye nengxenye yesistimu, manje usunesisekelo esiqinile sokwakha ikhaya elihlakaniphile elenzelwe izidingo zakho; kusukela manje kuqhubeke, konke kumayelana nokwengeza amadivayisi, ukulungisa ukuzenzekela, kanye nokusebenzisa umphakathi ukuze uqhubeke nokufunda nokulungisa kahle yonke indawo yekhaya lakho elixhunyiwe.
