Isifundo esiphelele sokuhlanganisa ikhompyutha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

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Ukwakha i-PC yakho akuseyona eyabachwepheshe abangaqondakali abagqoke amajazi amhlophe kuphela. Namuhla, noma ubani onesineke esincane, ukuzimisela ukufunda, kanye nezingxenye ezihambisanayo angakha ikhompyutha kusukela ekuqaleni futhi athole umshini onamandla futhi oshibhile kunamamodeli amaningi akhiwe ngaphambilini.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungasuka kanjani enqwabeni yamabhokisi ezinto ezisetshenziswayo uye kwi-PC esebenza ngokugcwele. Uzothola izexwayiso, amathiphu okuhlanganisa angempela, izincomo zokuhambisana, kanye nezeluleko ngehadiwe nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukusiza uhlelo lwakho lusebenze kahle kakhulu, kokubili kwezemidlalo nasekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.

Kungcono yini ukuzakhela ikhompyutha yakho noma ukuthenga eyenziwe ngaphambilini?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuvula amabhokisi, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kungcono yini ukwakha ikhompyutha yakho kusukela ekuqaleni noma ukuthenga ehlanganisiwe . Zombili izinketho ziyasebenza, kodwa azifani.

Uma uthenga i-PC eyakhiwe ngaphambilini, ukhokhela ukulula kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe: umenzi uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wohlelo lonke, ngokuvamile unikeza iwaranti ephelele, futhi uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, unendawo eyodwa yokuxhumana. Njengokubuyisela, uvame ukukhokha iprimiyamu ebalulekile, futhi ikakhulukazi ngama-PC aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-PC aphezulu, uvame ukuthola isilinganiso sentengo esibi kakhulu sokusebenza kunokuba uzikhethele wena izingxenye.

Ngokwakha i-PC yakho, ulawula ngokuphelele yonke into: ukhetha i-CPU, ikhadi lehluzo, ikesi, uhlobo lwesitoreji, ubuhle… futhi kulula ukuthuthukisa esikhathini esizayo ngaphandle kokulahla yonke ikhompyutha. Intengo ivame ukulawuleka kalula, futhi ungazibeka phambili izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe (isibonelo, ikhadi lehluzo elingcono esikhundleni sokukhanyisa i-RGB).

Okubi ukuthi uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, umthwalo wemfanelo ungowakho: ayikho isevisi yokuhlola uhlelo lonke amahora angama-24 ngosuku, iwaranti ehlukene kuphela yengxenye ngayinye. Futhi yebo, ungenza amaphutha okuhlanganisa noma okuhambisana uma ungenalo ulwazi oluphelele, yize ngomhlahlandlela ophelele kanye nokuqonda okuncane, akuyona inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi: uma ufuna ukufunda, wonge imali, futhi ube nekhompyutha oyithandayo, ukwakha i-PC yakho kuwumqondo omuhle, futhi ungazama nokwakha iseva yasekhaya ; uma ukhetha ukungazixazululi izinto futhi unikeze yonke into, ikhompyutha eyakhiwe kusengaphambili ingase ifaneleke kangcono, noma ngabe uyeka ukwenza ngokwezifiso nokonga okuthile.

Ukuhambisana okuyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthenga izingxenye

Iphutha elivame kakhulu elenziwa abaqalayo akukona ukufaka into ngendlela engafanele, kodwa ukuthenga izingxenye ezingahambisani . Ngaphambi kokwengeza noma yini enqoleni yakho, buyekeza ngengqondo lolu hlu lokuhambisana.

Ibhodi lomama liyinhliziyo yakho konke. Kufanele uhlole ukuthi usayizi (i-ATX, i-Micro-ATX, i-Mini-ITX, njll.) uyalingana nebhokisi olikhethile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi isokhethi ne-chipset kuyahambisana ne-CPU ofuna ukuyifaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlela ukufaka i-overclocking, qiniseka ukuthi ibhodi lomama ne-chipset liyayisekela, njengoba kungewona wonke amamodeli ayenza.

I-CPU kumele ihambisane ngokuqinile ne-socket ye-motherboard (i-LGA noma i-AM, kuye nge-Intel noma i-AMD) kanye nokukhiqizwa okusekelwa yi-chipset. Akwanele ukuthi "ilingane ngokomzimba"; i-BIOS idinga ukusekela leyo modeli, ikakhulukazi kuma -processor amasha kuma-motherboard amadala.

I-RAM inezici ezimbili ezivimbelayo: uhlobo (i-DDR4, i-DDR5, njll.) kanye nemvamisa/i-voltage esekelwa yi-motherboard. Uma uthenga amamojula asheshayo kakhulu kodwa i-motherboard isekela amaza aphansi kuphela, konke kuzosebenza ngesivinini se-module esekelwa kancane kakhulu. Futhi, hlola umthamo osekelwayo ophezulu nokuthi ufuna yini ukusizakala nge-Dual Channel ngokufaka amamojula ezindaweni ezinconywe umenzi.

Ikhadi lehluzo linamaphuzu amabili abalulekile: isikhala esibonakalayo esisesikhwameni (ubude nobukhulu, ngoba amakhadi amaningi ehluzo athatha izikhala ezingu-2,5 noma ngisho nezingu-3) kanye namandla atholakala kumthombo wamandla: hlola ukuthi zingaki izixhumi ze-PCIe ezingamaphini angu-6/8 ozidingayo noma uma imodeli yakho isebenzisa isixhumi sesimanje se-12VHPWR. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ibhodi lomama linesikhala samahhala se-PCIe x16 sokufakwa.

Ukuze kugcinwe, ama-SSD e-M.2 kumele ahambisane nohlobo lwesikhala sebhodi lomama (i-SATA, i-PCIe 3.0, i-4.0, njll.) kanye ne-physical form factor (ngokuvamile i-2280). Kuma-drive angu-2,5" no-3,5", uzodinga ama-bay amahhala esimweni sakho kanye nedatha ye-SATA eyanele kanye nezixhumi zamandla.

Ugesi kumele ulingane endaweni yawo futhi unikeze amandla okwanele kanye negumbi elifanele. Futhi, naka inani kanye nohlobo lwezintambo: i-ATX enamaphini angu-24, i-EPS CPU enamaphini angu-4/8, i-PCIe ye-GPU, kanye nezixhumi ze-SATA/Molex zazo zonke ezinye izinto. Ugesi omuhle onesitifiketi esihle se-80 PLUS uwutshalomali olubalulekile lokuzinza nokuphepha.

Ikesi kumele lihambisane ne-form factor yebhodi lomama, ubude be-GPU, ukuphakama kwe-CPU cooler, kanye nosayizi we-radiator uma usebenzisa ukupholisa okumanzi. Futhi, hlola ukuxhumana kwephaneli engaphambili (i-USB-A, i-USB-C, umsindo, njll.) bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lomama linama-header okuwasebenzisa.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza namathuluzi

Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma iyiphi ihadiwe, lungisa indawo yokusebenzela ekhululekile: itafula elikhulu, elihlanzekile, elikhanyiswe kahle elingenazo iziphuzo eduze. Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenza endaweni eqinile, hhayi embhedeni noma kusofa , ukuze ugweme ukugoba nokunyakaza okungajwayelekile.

Ngokuphathelene namathuluzi, i-screwdriver ye-Phillips enobukhulu obujwayelekile izokwanela, futhi uma ufuna ukwenza izinto zibe lula, ende yezikulufo ezijulile kancane kanye nemfushane yezindawo ezixineneyo. Ngokuvamile, i-screwdriver evamile enama-bits ashintshaniswayo ingaphezu kokwanele, kodwa kungcono uma inamandla kanokusho ukugwema ukulahlekelwa izikulufo ebhokisini lamathuluzi.

Ugesi oqinile uyisitha esikhulu esithule. Inhlansi elula, engabonakali kahle ingalimaza i-chip. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise ibhande lesihlakala elilwa nokuqina (ESD) elixhunywe emhlabathini noma entweni yensimbi enokukhipha okuhle, kodwa uma ungafuni ukuchitha imali kulokho, jwayela ukuthinta njalo into yensimbi egxilile, njenge-radiator, ukuze ususe ukushaja okuqongelelekile emzimbeni wakho.

Gcina amathawula ephepha noma ama-wipe kanye ne-isopropyl alcohol (noma i-rubbing alcohol) eduze ukuze uhlanze i-IHS yeprosesa uma uzofaka i-thermal paste. Futhi gcina njalo i-motherboard, i-case, kanye ne-heatsink manuals eduze, ngoba uzobe ubhekisela kuzo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili kubhodi lomama: i-CPU, i-RAM, i-heatsink kanye ne-M.2

Isinyathelo sokuqala kule nqubo senziwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi. Ukusebenza ebhokisini lekhadibhodi lebhodi lomama kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu: kunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile futhi kugwema ukulibeka esikhwameni esimelana nokungaguquguquki, okuvikela kuphela izinto zikagesi uma ingxenye ingaphakathi, kodwa ingaqoqa ishaja engaguquguquki uma isetshenziswa njengomathi.

Ukufaka iprosesa kumabhodi omama e-Intel

Kuma-socket e-Intel anamuhla, ama-pin amancane kakhulu asesokhethini, hhayi i-CPU. Athambile kakhulu: ukugoba noma ukuphula noma yiliphi lawo kungenza i-motherboard ingasebenzi. Ukuze uvule isokhethi, vele uphakamise i-lever yensimbi eseduze nayo, bese uhlaka lokugcina luzovuleka, luveze ama-pin.

Thola unxantathu omncane obhekiselwe kuwo oqoshwe emaphethelweni esokhethi; ku-CPU, uzobona omunye unxantathu ofanayo kwelinye lamakhona. Beka iprosesa ngobumnene, ngaphandle kokuyiphoqa, uqondise onxantathu bobabili. Uma iqondiswe kahle, izongena kahle ngaphandle kokunyakaza okuseceleni futhi izohlala phansi kusokhethi.

Okulandelayo, yehlisa uhlaka lwensimbi bese usebenzisa i-lever futhi. Isembozo esimnyama esivikelayo sesokhethi (uma sikhona) sizophuma sodwa uma usivala kahle; asikho isidingo sokusisusa kusengaphambili. Uma i-lever isikhiyiwe endaweni yayo, i-CPU ifakwa ngokuphephile.

Ukufaka iprosesa kumabhodi omama e-AMD

Kuma-socket amaningi e-AMD PGA (njenge-AM4), ama-pin akwi-CPU, hhayi isokhethi, ngakho-ke ingxenye ebuthakathaka yiprosesa uqobo. Gwema ukuthinta noma ukugoba lawo ma-pin egolide ngazo zonke izindleko.

Vula i-socket lever bese uthola unxantathu obhekisela kuwo womabili isokhethi kanye neprosesa, njengakuqala. Qondanisa womabili amamaki bese wehlisa kancane iprosesa ungene kusokhethi ngaphandle kokuyicindezela; kufanele ihlale eziqondisweni ngesisindo sayo. Uma isibekwe kahle, yehlisa i-socket lever ukuze uyikhiye endaweni yayo, bese iprosesa izoboshwa ngokuphephile.

Ukubekwa kwe-RAM

Njengoba i-CPU ifakiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokufaka i-RAM. Thola izikhala ze-DIMM eduze kwesokhethi bese uvula amathebhu okugcina (ngezinye izikhathi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, kuye ngomklamo webhodi lomama). Naka i-notch esixhumini semojuli kanye nomhlahlandlela wesikhala: zingena kuphela endaweni eyodwa, ngakho ungalokothi uyiphoqe uma kubonakala sengathi ayihambisani.

Uma unamamojula amabili e-RAM futhi ibhodi lakho lomama linezikhala ezine, kuzodingeka usebenzise izikhala 2 no-4, kubalwa kusukela ku-CPU, noma lezo ezimakwe ngombala ohlukile. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kusebenzisa i-Dual Channel ukuze kuzuze ngokugcwele i-bandwidth. Uma ungaqiniseki, hlola incwadi yemiyalelo yebhodi lakho lomama, njengoba ukubizwa kwesikhala kungahluka phakathi kwamamodeli, futhi lokhu kuzovimbela ukulahleka kokusebenza ngenxa yokushintshana okulula kwesikhala.

Beka imojuli nge-engeli encane, qondanisa i-notch, bese ucindezela phansi ngokuqinile kusukela emaphethelweni womabili uze uzwe amathebhu echofoza endaweni yawo. Phinda le nqubo ngamamojuli asele. Uma ugcwalisa zonke izikhala, i-oda alinandaba, kodwa kunconywa ukusebenzisa amamojuli anomthamo ofanayo, imvamisa, kanye nokubambezeleka ukuze unciphise izinkinga.

Ukusebenzisa i-thermal paste nokufaka i-heatsink

Njengoba i-CPU ifakiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana nokupholisa. Okokuqala, hlanza ubuso bensimbi beprosesa (i-IHS) ngephepha elingenalo utshwala nelingenawo ama-lint, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa kabusha i-heatsink endala noma ususe i-thermal paste esetshenziswe ngaphambilini. Ubuso budinga ukuhlanzeka nokususwa amafutha.

Faka i-thermal paste usebenzisa enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile. Indlela evamile ukudweba u-X omkhulu, yize isimo "esilingana nobhontshisi" esiphakathi naso sisebenza. Into ebalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu: ungqimba oluncane olumboza indawo lapho i-heatsink icindezelwa phansi lwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle kokushisa.

Lungisa uhlelo lokufaka lwe-CPU cooler noma i-all-in-one (AIO) liquid cooler kit ngokwencwadi yemiyalelo yomenzi. Kumamodeli amaningi, kuzodingeka ufake i-backplate ngemuva kwebhodi le-motherboard, ufake ama-bracket athile esokhethi, bese unamathisela i-CPU block noma i-cooler kuwo. Lesi sinyathelo siyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukulandela incwadi yemiyalelo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma i-heatsink isifakwe kahle, xhuma ikhebula layo lesifene kusihloko esithi "CPU FAN" kubhodi lomama. Uma kuyiphampu ye-AIO, ivame ukuxhuma kusihloko esithi "CPU PUMP" noma "CPU OPT". Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uqondisa amafeni ukuze umoya uhambe ngendlela efanele, ngokuvamile udonsa umoya usuka ngaphambili noma ngaphakathi bese uwukhipha uye ngemuva noma ngaphezulu kwekhava.

Ukufakwa kwedrayivu ye-M.2

Uma ibhodi lakho lomama linezikhala ze-M.2 futhi uzosebenzisa i-M.2 SSD, manje yisikhathi esifanele sokuyifaka, ngaphambi kokufaka ibhodi lomama ebhokisini. Thola isikhala se-M.2 ozosisebenzisa, futhi uma kudingeka, qala ngokufaka ibhulakhethi elincane elinezintambo endaweni ehambisana nobude bedrayivu yakho (2280 mm ezimweni eziningi) ukuze i-SSD iqine kulelo phuzu.

Faka i-SSD embotsheni nge-engeli engama-degrees angaba ngu-30-45, uyislayide uyifake esixhumini, bese uyicindezela phansi kuze kube yilapho ingemuva seligobile nge-bracket. Yiqinise ngesikulufu esifakwe ne-motherboard noma ne-SSD uqobo. Uma i-motherboard yakho ine-heatsink ye-M.2, khumbula ukususa ifilimu yepulasitiki evikelayo ku-thermal pad ngaphambi kokuyinamathisela.

Lungisa ikesi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, kanye nokuphathwa kwekhebula

Njengoba ibhodi lomama lifakwe kancane, siqhubekela esikhwameni. Isinyathelo sokuqala, uma imodeli yakho iludinga, ukufaka isivikelo se-I/O sebhodi lomama esikhaleni sangemuva sebhokisi. Kufanele sicindezelwe endaweni yaso kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle, futhi siyingxenye abantu abaningi abaqalayo abayikhohlwayo. Ukuba khona kwayo kusiza ukugcina uthuli lungangeni futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwezimbobo zangemuva.

Okulandelayo, uma kudingeka, susa izikhala zensimbi zangemuva lapho ikhadi lehluzo lesikhathi esizayo lizofakwa khona, ngokususa amapuleti afanele ekuphakameni kwesikhala esikhulu se-PCIe x16. Kulula ukwenza lokhu manje, ngaphambi kokuba ikhadi lifakwe, ngoba uzoba nokufinyelela okungcono nokubonakala.

Manje beka ugesi endaweni yawo, ngokuvamile phansi kwekhava. Qiniseka ukuthi uqondisa ifeni ngendlela efanele: uma ikhava linezimbobo zomoya kanye nesihlungi phansi, kungcono ifeni ibheke phansi ukuze idonse umoya omusha ovela ngaphandle; uma kungekho mgodi womoya noma isihlungi, kungcono ukuyikhomba ngaphakathi ukuze ingavimbeki ngothuli oluvela phansi.

Faka isikulufu sogesi ku-chassis usebenzisa izikulufu ezinikezwe nogesi noma ikesi. Ngesikhathi usenza lokho, hambisa izintambo eziyinhloko (izintambo ze-ATX ezingama-24-pin, i-CPU EPS, i-PCIe zekhadi lehluzo, i-SATA, njll.) ngeziteshi zokuphatha izintambo zangemuva. Lokhu kuzokunikeza ubuncane bokuphathwa kwekhebula kusukela ekuqaleni futhi kuvimbele isiphithiphithi kamuva.

Okokugcina, hlola ukuthi iziphazamiso zensimbi zebhodi lomama zibekwe kahle ngokosayizi webhodi lakho lomama (ATX, mATX, Mini-ITX). Uma kukhona okungekho, zibophe; uma kukhona isiphazamiso esengeziwe endaweni lapho kungekho mbobo ebhodini lomama, lisuse, njengoba kungabangela i-short circuit uma lithinta ngemuva kwe-PCB.

Faka ibhodi lomama ebhokisini bese wengeza amadrayivu e-SATA.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokufaka ibhodi lomama ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Bamba ibhodi emaphethelweni alo, uqaphele ukuthi ungathinti noma yiziphi izingxenye ezibucayi, ulivumelanise nesivikelo se-I/O sangemuva, bese ulihlisa kuze kube yilapho lihlala ezindaweni zokuma. Kufanele lingene kahle emigodini yokufaka kanye nasezimbobeni zamachweba angemuva, ngaphandle kokuthi amathebhu ensimbi esivikelweni aphazamise izixhumi.

Faka isikulufu sebhodi lomama endaweni yalo usebenzisa izikulufu ezifanele, ngaphandle kokuziqinisa kakhulu, kodwa uqinisekise ukuthi ziphephile. Isikulufu esinobuthi siwusizo kakhulu ekugwemeni ukulahlekelwa izikulufu ngaphakathi kwekesi, ikakhulukazi uma unezingxenye ezifana nogesi osuvele ufakiwe futhi ukufinyelela kunzima kakhulu.

Uma uzosebenzisa ama-hard drive angu-3,5" noma ama-SSD angu-2,5" nge-SATA, manje yisikhathi esihle sokuwafaka. Ezimweni eziningi zifaka amathreyi noma amadrowa angenamathuluzi; kwezinye, kuzodingeka uwafake ezikhaleni ezithile. Wabeke endaweni efanelana kahle nezidingo zakho zokuphathwa kwekhebula kanye nokuhamba komoya, bese uxhuma izintambo zedatha ze-SATA kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezivela kumthombo wamandla.

Xhuma uhlangothi olulodwa lwekhebula le-SATA echwebeni lebhodi le-motherboard kanye nolunye echwebeni. Zama ukusebenzisa amachweba anconywe umenzi (ngezinye izikhathi anezinombolo ze-SATA_0, i-SATA_1, njll.) kuma-drive akho ayinhloko, yize empeleni, noma yiliphi ichweba kufanele lisebenze kahle ngaphandle kokuthi lihlanganyela imikhawulo namanye ama-drive e-M.2.

Ukufaka ikhadi lehluzo nezinye izingxenye zokunweba

Uma i-PC yakho izosetshenziselwa imidlalo noma imisebenzi yevidiyo/ye-3D enzima, ikhadi lehluzo elizinikele lizobaluleka. Thola isikhala esikhulu se-PCIe x16 (ngokuvamile esiseduze ne-CPU) bese uvula ithebhu yokukhiya ekugcineni kwesikhala. Hlanganisa isixhumi se-GPU nesikhala bese ucindezela phansi ngokuqinile uze uzwe ithebhu icindezela endaweni yayo.

Faka insimbi ngemuva kwekhadi lehluzo ezikhaleni zekesi usebenzisa izikulufo ezifanayo ozisusile ekuqaleni. Uma ikhadi lisinda (amakhadi esimanje avame ukuba njalo), kungumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa wonke amaphuzu okufaka atholakalayo futhi ucabangele ngisho nokwengeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ukuze uvimbele ukuthi lingawi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kubeke ingcindezi kusikhala se-PCIe.

Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izimo zikuvumela ukuthi ufake i-GPU ngokuqondile usebenzisa i-bracket kanye nekhebula le-PCIe riser. Nakuba lokhu kubukeka kukuhle, kungenza amazinga okushisa abe mabi kakhulu ngoba kuseduze kakhulu nephaneli eseceleni futhi ngezinye izikhathi kwenza kube nzima ukuphathwa kwekhebula. Sebenzisa le ndlela kuphela uma wazi ukuthi ikhesi lakho linomoya omuhle futhi livulekile ngokwanele kusuka kuphaneli eseceleni.

Uma unezinye amakhadi okunweba (amakhadi okuthwebula, amakhadi omsindo anikezelwe, abalawuli, njll.), inqubo iyafana: thola isikhala esifanele, wafake aze achofoze endaweni yawo, bese uwafaka nge-screw ku-chassis. Qiniseka ukuthi awuvimbeli izixhumi ezibalulekile ze-motherboard noma ukuhamba komoya okubalulekile kwe-GPU noma i-CPU.

Ukuxhumeka kwamandla: i-motherboard, i-CPU, kanye ne-GPU

Njengoba zonke ihadiwe eziyinhloko sezifakiwe, sekuyisikhathi "sokufaka izintambo ezingathi sína." Okokuqala yi-ATX power connector enamaphini angu-24 enika amandla i-motherboard. Thola i-connector ehambisanayo ku-power supply, uyivumelanise ne-motherboard (ithebhu kufanele ifane ne-protrusion ku-motherboard connector), bese uyicindezela kuze kube yilapho i-clip ingena endaweni yayo.

Okulandelayo, thola isixhumi samandla se-CPU phezulu kwebhodi lomama. Lesi sixhumi singaba namaphini angu-4, 8, noma ngisho angu-8+4, kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani. Ekunikezeni amandla, le khebula ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "CPU" noma "EPS." Njengakuqala, qondanisa ithebhu kahle bese ucindezela ngokuqinile. Ngokuvamile kunesikhala esilinganiselwe lapha, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukuxhuma le khebula ngaphambi kokufaka ibhodi lomama ebhokisini.

Ikhadi lehluzo elizinikele, kumamodeli amaningi, lidinga isixhumi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu se-PCIe esine-pin engu-6 noma ene-pin engu-8, noma isixhumi sesimanje se-12VHPWR esine-pin engu-12 kumakhadi akamuva e-NVIDIA. Ungadidanisi lawa makhebula nezintambo ze-CPU, noma ngabe abukeka afana: ukuphoqa ikhebula elingalungile kungabangela i-short circuit. Xhuma amakhebula e-PCIe adingekayo ngokuya ngezincazelo ze-GPU yakho bese uqinisekisa ukuthi uwafaka ngokugcwele uze uzwe okunye ukuchofoza okucacile.

Izintambo zephaneli engaphambili, i-USB, umsindo kanye namafeni

Isinyathelo esilandelayo, futhi esingase sesabise abakhi be-PC okokuqala, ukuxhuma izintambo ezincane zephaneli yangaphambili: inkinobho yamandla, inkinobho yokusetha kabusha, kanye nama-LED esimo. Kubhodi lomama, uzothola i-pin header, ngokuvamile ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla, enelebula yezinto ezifana ne-PWR_SW, RESET_SW, HDD_LED, PWR_LED, njll. Incwadi yemiyalelo yebhodi lomama ifaka umdwebo obonisa ngokucacile ukuthi isixhumi ngasinye siya kuphi.

Xhuma ngokucophelela izintambo ezimbili ngazinye ezindaweni zazo ezifanele. Uma uxhuma ama-LED ngendlela engafanele, okubi kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke akhanye, kodwa ngeke ulimaze lutho; vele ulungise i-polarity ngemva kwalokho (izintambo zivame ukuphawulwa ukuthi zilungile). I-Polarity ayibalulekile enkinobheni yamandla noma yokusetha kabusha; izosebenza noma ngabe uyixhuma emuva.

Ngaphezu kwephaneli engaphambili, leli bhokisi linezixhumi zangaphakathi ze-USB (2.0 kanye ne-3.x) kanye nekhebula lomsindo elijwayelekile langaphambili, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-HD_AUDIO, elixhuma phansi kwesobunxele sebhodi lomama. Lezi zixhumi zinkulu futhi zinezikhonkwane ezincane noma ezingekho ngakho zingafakwa kuphela endaweni eyodwa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzixhuma endaweni engafanele.

Ungakhohlwa amafeni e-case: waxhume ku-"CHA_FAN" noma ama-port afanayo ku-motherboard yakho, noma ku-hub ephakathi uma i-case yakho ifaka eyodwa. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uwalawule kusuka ku-BIOS noma kusofthiwe yomenzi. Kungumqondo omuhle ukubopha amakhebula ngezibopho zekhebula noma amabhande e-Velcro ngemuva kwe-case ukuze uthuthukise ukuhamba komoya futhi ugcine ingaphakathi lihlanzekile.

Ukuqala kokuqala, amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa

Uma ucabanga ukuthi konke sekumi ngomumo, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola kwangempela. Ngaphambi kokuvala iphaneli eseceleni, xhuma ikhebula lamandla ku-PC kanye ne-outlet yodonga, xhuma i-monitor, ikhibhodi, kanye negundane, bese ucindezela inkinobho yamandla. Uma konke kusebenza kahle, abalandeli bazoqala futhi uzobona isikrini se-BIOS noma ilogo yomenzi ivela. Uma ingaqali, hlala uzolile futhi uhlole ngokuhlelekile amaphuzu abalulekile.

Phakathi kwamaphutha avame kakhulu yilezi: izintambo ze-ATX noma ze-EPS CPU ezixhunywe ngendlela engafanele, amamojula e-RAM ahlezi kabi, izixhumi zephaneli yangaphambili ezibekwe ngendlela engafanele, noma amandla anganele ekhadini lehluzo. Amabhodi amaningi e-motherboard anamuhla afaka ama-LED okuxilonga noma amakhodi amancane ezinombolo abonisa ukuthi inkinga iku-CPU, i-RAM, i-GPU, noma isitoreji, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga.

Uma usufinyelele i-BIOS, hlola ukuthi i-motherboard ithola kahle i-CPU, inani le-RAM, ama-drive esitoreji, kanye nekhadi lehluzo elikhethekile uma lifakiwe. Sebenzisa leli thuba ukuvula iphrofayili ye-XMP (Intel) noma i-EXPO (AMD) ye-RAM yakho, ukuze isebenze ngemvamisa yayo ekalwe esikhundleni sesethingi ephansi kakhulu ezenzakalelayo esetshenziswa yi-motherboard.

Uma konke kulungile, faka idrayivu yakho ye-USB noma imidiya yokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza bese uqhubeka nokufaka. Uma uhlelo seluqalile, faka i-chipset, ihluzo, umsindo, kanye nabashayeli benethiwekhi kusuka kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni abakhiqizi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungafaka izinhlelo zakho ozithandayo kanye nemidlalo bese usebenzisa izilinganiso ezithambile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga okushisa nokusebenza kunjengoba kulindelekile.

Isibonelo sokucushwa okulinganiselayo kanye nokukhetha kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo

Ububanzi bezingxenye bukhulu kakhulu, kodwa kunemithetho ejwayelekile yokwakha ukucushwa okulinganiselayo. I-PC yesimanje yokudlala ephakathi kuya kwephezulu ivame ukuqala nge-CPU engu-6-8 core, i-RAM engu-16 noma engu-32 GB, i-GPU efanele isixazululo esiqondiwe (1080p, 1440p, noma i-4K), i-SSD esheshayo njengedrayivu eyinhloko, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kwekhwalithi ephezulu okune-headroom eyanele.

Isihluthulelo ukugwema izithiyo: ikhadi lehluzo elinamandla kakhulu elineprosesa ebuthakathaka kakhulu, noma okuphambene nalokho, akunamsebenzi. Isibonelo, ukudlala imidlalo ku-1440p nge-FPS ephezulu, i-GPU kufanele ibe yinkanyezi ngokusobala, futhi i-CPU kufanele ikwazi ngokwanele ukusingatha imidlalo enzima ngaphandle kokunqotshwa. I-RAM engu-16 GB iwubuncane obunengqondo kwikhompyutha entsha kulezi zinsuku, kanti i-32 GB ifanelekile uma uhlela nokuhlela ividiyo noma ukusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.

I-PC enhle ayigcini nje ngokuba nombhoshongo: izinto ezisetshenziswayo zenza umehluko omkhulu. Ku-monitha, uma uzodlala imidlalo, funa okungenani isinqumo esingu-1440p esine-IPS, i-VA egobile, noma iphaneli ye-OLED/QD-OLED, izinga lokuvuselela elingu-144Hz noma ngaphezulu, isikhathi sokuphendula esiphansi, kanye nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-FreeSync noma i-G-SYNC obuhambisana ne-GPU yakho. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukunyakaza kwesikrini kube lula kakhulu futhi kuqede ukudabuka.

Emidlalweni, ikhibhodi ekahle kakhulu iyimodeli yemishini enezinkinobho eziqondile uma ijubane liyinto eza kuqala kuwe, noma izinkinobho ezithintayo uma uzothayipha kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ekhethekile inikeza amamodeli anezici ezithuthukisiwe, ukukhanya kwangemuva, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, izinkinobho ezishintshashintshayo ezishisayo ezikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izinkinobho ngaphandle kokuzibopha, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwekhibhodi.

Igundane kufanele livumelane nokubamba kwakho (isundu, uzipho, noma umunwe) futhi linikeze inzwa enembile; izibalo ze-DPI zikhuphuke kakhulu, kodwa ikhwalithi yangempela yenzwa kanye ne-ergonomics kubaluleke kakhulu. Nquma ukuthi ufuna igundane elinezintambo noma elingenazintambo, ukhumbula ukuthi amamodeli angenazintambo athuthuke kakhulu kodwa avame ukubiza kakhulu. Qedela ukusetha nge- mousepad enhle, enkulu evumela ukunyakaza okude ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yindawo engaphezulu.

Ama-headphone angakhetha, kodwa anconywa kakhulu uma udlala ku-inthanethi noma wabelana ngendawo. Ungakhetha amamodeli emidlalo anemakrofoni eyakhelwe ngaphakathi noma izixazululo ze-Hi-Fi ezinemakrofoni ehlukile. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezitholakalayo, kodwa ngokuvamile, gwema amamodeli ashibhile kakhulu anezibani eziningi kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo ephansi, bese ubeka phambili imikhiqizo enedumela elihle ngekhwalithi yomsindo kanye nenduduzo.

Uma usuyifundile indlela yokuqala yokuhlanganisa, uzothola ukuthi ukwakha ama-PC akufani nomlingo njengoba kwakubonakala kodwa kuyindaba yokuhlela, ukunaka ukuhambisana, nokulandela izinyathelo ezinengqondo. Ngalesi siqondisi esinemininingwane njengereferensi, ukukhetha okuhle kwezingxenye, kanye nokubekezela okuncane, uzokwazi ukwakha noma yini kusukela kukhompyutha yakho yokuqala esebenzayo kuya kuma-rig emidlalo athuthukile, uhlale wazi ukuthi wenzani nokuthi kungani, futhi ujabulele ukwaneliseka kokunika amandla i-PC ozakhele yona, kancane kancane.