- Izinsizakalo zobunhloli zaseDashi zixwayisa ngomkhankaso womhlaba wonke wabaphangi baseRussia abahlasela ama-akhawunti e-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal.
- Lokhu kuhlasela akusebenzisi amaphutha obuchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho kusebenzisa ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo ukweba amakhodi kanye namadivayisi okuxhumanisa.
- Abasebenzi bezempi, izikhulu zikahulumeni eziphezulu, izisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nezintatheli zaseYurophu baphakathi kwezisulu eziyinhloko.
- Iziphathimandla zincoma ukuthi zingasebenzisi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo futhi ziqinisa izinyathelo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi eziyisisekelo.
Una umkhankaso wokuhlasela kwe-cyber ohlelwe eRussia Igcina izinsizakalo zobunhloli zaseYurophu ziqaphile ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi eziningi Ama-akhawunti e-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal Bayathinteka. Abahlaseli, abaxhumene nombuso waseRussia ngokusho kweziphathimandla zaseDashi, bagxile kumaphrofayili anokufinyelela kolwazi olubucayi, besebenzisa amaqhinga nokukhohlisa ukuze balawule ama-akhawunti ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphula ukubethela.
Indawo eyinhloko yesaziso itholakala ku- I-NetherlandsNakuba ububanzi bomsebenzi busobala ukuthi bungobamazwe ngamazwe futhi buthinta ngqo imvelo yaseYurophu, izinsizakalo zobunhloli zaseDashi zixwayisa ngokuthi izikhulu eziphezulu zomphakathi, izisebenzi zempi, izisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nezintatheli Lezi ziphakathi kwezinhloso eziza kuqala zalo mkhankaso, ohlose ukuthola idatha yamasu, izingxoxo zangasese, kanye nokufinyelela emaqenjini engxoxo lapho kwabelwana khona ngolwazi olubucayi.
Isexwayiso esivela kumasevisi ezobunhloli aseDashi
I-alamu iphakanyiswe ngokubambisana yi- Isevisi Yobunhloli Nokuphepha Jikelele (i-AIVD) futhi i Isevisi Yezobunhloli Nezokuphepha Zezempi (i-MIVD)Zombili izinhlangano zichaza "Umkhankaso we-cyber womhlaba wonke" oqondiswe kuma-akhawunti e-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal okungekwabantu abangaba nesithakazelo kuHulumeni waseRussia, okuhlanganisa abasebenzi boHulumeni waseDashi, abalawuli bezempi kanye nochwepheshe abanokufinyelela kumadokhumenti abucayi.
Ngokusho kwalezi zinsizakalo, Abaphangi baseRussia bakwazile ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti emiyalezo yezikhulu kanye nabasebenzi bezempi. abavela eNetherlands futhi bakwazile ukubonisana imininingwane ebucayi ukushintshisana ngalezi zicelo. Ukukhathazeka kukhulu uma kwenzeka Isignali, ipulatifomu ebhekwa kabanzi njengephephile kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zezikhungo zaseYurophu zokuxhumana ezibhekwa njengezibucayi kakhulu.
Iziphathimandla ziyakugcizelela lokho intshisekelo yabahlaseli eNetherlands Lokhu kuphendula kokubili ekusekelweni okusebenzayo kwezwe Ukraine kanye nokuba khona endaweni yayo izikhungo ezibalulekile zomhlaba wonke njengeNkantolo Yobugebengu Yomhlaba Wonke (i-ICC) noma i-Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (i-OPCW), kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezisebenza kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Kulesi simo, izinsizakalo zobunhloli zigcizelela ukuthi i-WhatsApp ne-Signal, naphezu kokuthandwa kwazo, Akufanele zisetshenziswe ukudlulisa ulwazi oluyimfihlo, oluyimfihlo, noma olubucayi kakhulu.Umqondisi we-MIVD, uPeter Reesink, uveza ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azifanelekeli idatha esezingeni eliphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubethela kwazo kuqine kangakanani.
Usongo lwangempela: inkinga akuyona uhlelo lokusebenza, ngumsebenzisi
Elinye lamaphuzu akhathaza ochwepheshe kakhulu ukuthi Abahlaseli abazange baphule ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni Futhi abazange basebenzise ubuthakathaka bobuchwepheshe kukhodi yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kunalokho, bathembele ku- amasu ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi nokubavulela umnyango ngokwabo, okwenza noma yimuphi umuntu ongaqaphile abe yisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka ngempela kulolu chungechunge.
Umyalezo ovela ezinsizeni zobuhlakani ucacile: iqiniso lokuthi isicelo sinayo Ukubethela okuqinile akuvikeli emaphutheni abantu.Uma umhlaseli ekwazi ukuzenza isevisi esemthethweni, aqinisekise umsebenzisi ukuthi abelane ngekhodi yokuphepha, noma axhumanise idivayisi eyengeziwe, ukuvikelwa kokubethela kuyayeka ukusebenza, ngoba umhlaseli uba yingxenye yendawo ethembekile ye-akhawunti.
Le ndlela ihambisana nezexwayiso zangaphambilini kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, lapho kwase kuvele kwavezwa khona ukuthi ukuthembela ngokweqile kubuchwepheshe Kungadala umuzwa wokulondeka ongamanga. Umkhankaso waseRussia, oqinisekiswe yiziphathimandla zaseDashi, ubonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kwemikhuba eyisisekelo yokuphepha... inhlanzeko yedijithaliNgisho namathuluzi aphephile kakhulu aba sengozini.
Okufanayo kusebenza ezikhungweni zaseYurophu, ohulumeni, kanye nezinkampani ezisebenzisa lezi zinkundla zemiyalezo ukuxhumana nsuku zonke. Nakuba izinhlangano eziningi ezisemthethweni zamukele iSignal kanye ne-WhatsApp ukuze kube lula futhi kubonakale ukuphepha, izinsizakalo zobunhloli zigcizelela lokho. Lezi ziteshi aziklanyelwe ukuphatha izimfihlo zombuso noma imibhalo eyimfihlo.noma ngabe bathandwa kangakanani ekuphathweni kwe-elekthronikhi.
Indlela abaphangi baseRussia abasebenza ngayo ku-WhatsApp naku-Signal
Imibiko ye-AIVD kanye ne-MIVD ichaza amaqhinga amaningana aphindaphindwayo asetshenziswa yi- Abaduni baseRussia basebenzisa lokhu ukulawula ama-akhawuntiAsikhulumi ngokuhlaselwa kwezinga lekhodi okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kunalokho amasu obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nokukhohlisa ilungiswe ngokucophelela ukuze ivumelane nokusebenza kwesicelo ngasinye.
Endabeni WhatsAppAbahlaseli bathumela izixhumanisi ezingamanga noma amakhodi e-QR akhohlisayo abamema isisulu ukuthi sijoyine iqembu, siqinisekise i-akhawunti yaso kudivayisi okuthiwa entsha, noma "siphinde sisebenze" uhlelo lokusebenza ngezizathu zokuphepha. Uma umuntu echofoza kusixhumanisi noma eskena ikhodi, empeleni usuke ukugunyaza izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuthi zixhumanise i-akhawunti yakho nenye idivayisiUkusuka lapho, bangafunda imiyalezo, babuke uhlu loxhumana nabo, futhi baqaphe izingxoxo zeqembu.
Uma sebesungule lokhu kuxhumana okuthule, abahlaseli bangakwazi Buka izingxoxo eziyimfihlo, hlola izinombolo zocingo zoxhumana nabo, futhi uqaphe eduze umsebenzi emaqenjini okusebenzaNgaphezu kwalokho, banekhono lokuthumela imiyalezo bezenza isisulu, okwandisa ingozi yokungena ezindleleni zokwethenjwa, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini ochwepheshe noma ezikhungo.
En IsignaliIndlela echazwe ngokuningiliziwe iqondile nakakhulu: izigebengu ze-inthanethi Bazenza i-chatbot okucatshangwa ukuthi iwukusekela noma isevisi yamakhasimende.Kule miyalezo, baxwayisa umsebenzisi "ngemisebenzi esolisayo" noma izinkinga zokuphepha eziku-akhawunti yakhe futhi bamcela ukuthi anikeze ikhodi yokuqinisekisa etholwe nge-SMS kanye ne-PIN yesicelo.
Uma isisulu sabelana ngaleyo datha, abahlaseli bangakwazi thatha ukulawula okugcwele kwe-akhawunti yesignaliLokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukushintsha inombolo yocingo ehlobene, futhi kwezinye izimo, bathole umlando wengxoxo wakamuva noma amaqembu okufinyelela lapho lowo msebenzisi ehlanganyela khona. Inkinga iyanda ezingxoxweni zomsebenzi ngaphakathi komnyango, ezisekelweni zempi, ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke, noma ezindlini zezindaba, ngoba ulwazi olushintshaniswayo luvame ukuba bucayi kakhulu.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo, amadivayisi axhunyiwe, kanye nezimpawu zokungena
Iziphathimandla zaseDashi zigcizelela ukuthi Isihluthulelo salokhu kuhlasela sisekunjiniyela kwezenhlaloIzigebengu zisebenzisa izici zohlelo lokusebenza ezisemthethweni, njengokuxhumanisa amadivayisi amaningi noma ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SMS, ukuze zikhohlise abasebenzisi futhi zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Empeleni, umhlaseli akaphoqeleli ukuvula umnyango ovaliwe, kodwa kunalokho uqinisekisa umsebenzisi ukuthi awuvule ngokumenza akholelwe ukuthi ukhuluma ngokusekelwa okusemthethweni.
Esinye sezici abazisebenzisa kakhulu yi- amadivaysi abhanqiweLesi sici sikhona kokubili ku-WhatsApp naku-Signal. Ngokwenza isisulu sivume isicelo sokuxhumana, Idivayisi yomhlaseli ingeziwe ohlwini lwamadivayisi agunyaziweLokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi athole futhi afunde yonke imilayezo ngaphandle kokuqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezibonakalayo kudivayisi yakhe yeselula eyinhloko.
Ukuze kusizwe ekutholeni ukungena okungenzeka, izinsizakalo zobunhloli zishicilele eziningana izimpawu zokuxwayisa okufanele ukunakwa. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukubonakala ama-akhawunti aphindaphindwayo anamagama afana kakhulu kulabo abaxhumana nabo bangempela, ukuba khona abasebenzisi abangaziwa emaqenjini okufanele ivalwe noma iqiniso lokuthi oxhumana nabo abathile babonakala sengathi "I-akhawunti isusiwe" ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile.
Esinye isincomo esiyisisekelo ukuhlola isigaba se- amadivaysi abhanqiwe kuzilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Uma umsebenzisi ethola ikhompyutha, ithebhulethi, noma idivayisi yeselula angayazi, kufanele phuma ngokushesha kuleyo divayisi. Lokhu kuhlola, okuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje, kungenza umehluko phakathi kokulawula i-akhawunti noma ukunikeza umuntu wesithathu umnyango wangaphambili.
Izinsizakalo zobunhloli ziphinde ziveze ukuthi Isevisi yokusekela ye-Signal ayixhumani nabasebenzisi ngohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo.Noma yimuphi umlayezo othi uvela "kusekelo lwamakhasimende" ngaphakathi kwengxoxo yeSignal kufanele ubhekwe njengosolisayo futhi ongase ube yinkohliso, njengoba uyingxenye yephethini esetshenziswa kulo mkhankaso.
Izincomo ezisemthethweni zabasebenzisi eSpain naseYurophu
Lesi sixwayiso esikhishwe eNetherlands sinemiphumela eqondile kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amazwe aseYurophu, okuhlanganisa neSpainlapho i-WhatsApp isibe ithuluzi lokuxhumana elicishe libe yindawo yonke, kokubili ezindaweni zomuntu siqu nezobungcweti. Iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje inkinga yendawo, kodwa inkinga umsebenzi wobunhloli be-inthanethi ofinyelela emhlabeni jikelele okuncike ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwalezi zinkundla.
Phakathi kweziqondiso zokuphepha ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo: Ungasebenzisi i-WhatsApp noma i-Signal ukwabelana ngolwazi oluyimfihlo noma oluyimfihlo kakhuluLokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezikhulwini, izisebenzi zempi, abeluleki bakahulumeni, kanye nochwepheshe abanokufinyelela kumadokhumenti abucayi. Kulokhu kuxhumana, izikhungo kufanele zisebenzise amathuluzi athile abuyekezwe yiminyango yazo yezokuphepha.
Ngokwezinto zansuku zonke, izinsizakalo zobuhlakani zincoma ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezisolisayo Futhi akufanele uskene amakhodi e-QR afika kungalindelekile, noma ngabe abonakala sengathi avela koxhumana naye owaziwayo noma esiteshini esisemthethweni. Aphinde asikhumbuze lokho. amakhodi okuqinisekisa anezinombolo eziyisithupha Imiyalezo ethunyelwe nge-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal nge-SMS iyimfihlo futhi iyimfihlo. Akufanele neze kwabelwane ngakho nanoma ubani.ngisho noma beziveza njengabasebenzi abasekelayo.
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile yileso susa ngokushesha amaphrofayili angaziwa ezivela emaqenjini avaliwe, ikakhulukazi ezingxoxweni ezixhunywe kuma-ejensi kahulumeni, amabhizinisi, izinhlangano zobungcweti, noma iziteshi zabezindaba. Uma umphathi weqembu ebekwe engcupheni, iziphathimandla zeluleka Shiya ingxoxo bese udala entsha. kusuka ku-akhawunti evikelekile, ukuqinisekisa ngokuzimela ukuthi ungubani ilungu ngalinye ngaphambi kokulifaka.
Ezikhungweni nasezinhlanganweni zaseYurophu ezisebenza eBrussels, eStrasbourg, eThe Hague, noma eMadrid, lesi sincomo sihamba phambili: kuyalulekwa ukuthi kubuyekezwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi oluthunyelwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo kanye sungula izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi ezicacile mayelana nokuthi yini engathunyelwa futhi engenakuthunyelelwa ngalezi zindlela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe indawo yokuhlasela izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezingayisebenzisa kabi.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi zokunciphisa ubungozi
Nakuba umkhankaso wokugenca waseRussia unengxenye ecacile yezepolitiki, impumelelo yawo enkulu incike emikhubeni yokusebenzisa ebanzi. Iziphathimandla zaseDashi zigcizelela ukuthi nge izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha Eminingi yale mizamo yokungena kuma-akhawunti e-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal ingavinjelwa.
Esinye sezenzo zokuqala ezinconywayo yilesi Hlola futhi uhlanze amadivayisi axhunyiwe njalo kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma umsebenzisi engawaboni amadivayisi abhalwe ohlwini, kufanele aphume ngokushesha. Lesi sinyathelo esilula sisebenza njengohlobo "lomlilo" womuntu siqu ovimba ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Kuyalulekwa futhi sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe kuma-akhawunti, njengokukhiya i-PIN noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili. Ku-Signal, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukusetha Iphinikhodi yokubhalisa okuvimbela umuntu ukuthi abhalise inombolo yocingo kwenye idivayisi ngaphandle kwaleyo khodi. I-WhatsApp inesici esifanayo. ukuqinisekiswa okuyizinyathelo ezimbili okwengeza ungqimba lwesibili lokuvikela ngale kwe-SMS yokuqala.
Ochwepheshe baqokomisa ukubaluleka qeqesha abasebenzisi ukuthi babone ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayiUkuqonda ukuthi akukho ukwesekwa okusemthethweni okuzocela amakhodi okuqinisekisa ngengxoxo, ukuthi izixhumanisi zingashintshwa noma ngabe umthumeli ubonakala ethembekile, nokuthi amakhodi e-QR awayona ingozi, kusiza ukuvimba iningi lalezi zihlaselo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele umonakalo.
Okokugcina, izinsizakalo zobunhloli zincoma ukwamukela ingqondo yokuqapha okuhlala njaloUma umlayezo uphakamisa ukungabaza, kungcono ukuwuqinisekisa ngesinye isiteshi (ucingo, i-imeyili esemthethweni, ukuxhumana ngqo) ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yiluphi ulwazi noma ukulandela imiyalelo engafaka engcupheni ukuphepha kwe-akhawunti. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela njalo kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemikhankaso yobunjiniyela bezenhlalo.
Konke okwembulwa ngalo msebenzi Abaphangi baseRussia bahlasela ama-akhawunti e-WhatsApp kanye ne-Signal Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubethela kukodwa akwanele ukuvikela ubumfihlo noma izintshisekelo zamasu zabasebenzisi nezinhlangano eYurophu. Uma nje abahlaseli beqhubeka nokusebenzisa amaphutha ekwahluleleni nasekuthembeleni ngokweqile kubuchwepheshe, ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu kusekuhlanganiseni amathuluzi atholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza kanye izindlela zokuphepha zedijithali ezinhle kanye nokusetshenziswa okubucayi nokuhlakaniphile kwalezi zinkundla, kokubili emkhakheni womuntu siqu kanye nowezikhungo.